Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: In the process of land consolidation, most designers of low-pressure water delivery systems for irrigation purposes use very simple empirical pipe selection methods based on arbitrary concepts, without taking into account economic factors. These methods do not lead to an optimal solution.In this article an optimum design method to calculate economic pipe diameters was presented. Based on the existing optimization model, the design was aimed to maximally reduce the annual pipeline network cost, and calculate the optimum economic pipe diameters of the network. By calculating the pipe diameter of irrigation pipeline network in Panan coal mining subsidence area in Jiawang district, Xuzhou City, the land consolidation investment of irrigation pipeline network was 1148199 Yuan, while the investment was 1478808 Yuan calculated by planning method, with 22 % saved compared to the original plan. Comparison with traditional methods the new method has a good performance.

Abstract: The real-time and accurate analysis of water column height becomes the crucial step for measures of unloading flow is taken effectively to make sure gas well to work continuously and properly. Although the early researchers made a number of models used to calculate water column height, but they are the static calculation method and can not meet production requirements. This paper analyses the hydraulics of well-bore load-up for gas well, and present a computing method of transient water column height. This model based on node pressure analysis, and combined with pressure gradient formula of multiphase pipe flow and productivity equation of gas-water wells. Application of this technology allows real-time analysis to be used in production process, which is valuable in protection of gas reservoir and enhancement of ultimate recovery.

Abstract: Rainwater utilization is an important water saving measure, which both saves fresh water consumption and reduces the financial burden on urban rainwater storage system.Also,the groundwater is conserved and the ecological environment is improved. The paper discussed the concrete scheme of comprehensive utilization of rainwater , including rainwater collection and reuse, rainwater infiltration based on a civil construction district.Also, analyzed its economic, social and environmental benefits quantificationally.

Abstract: The system of urban water supplying network which is very indicate and large-scale has complex spatial information and attributes, so the traditional method to manage the water supplying network is difficult to meet the actual needs of the network. Taking a urban water supplying network as an example, making full use of its powerful function of inquiring the data, analyzing and processing the spatial data, demonstrating interactively the data and graph of the geographic information system (GIS), the information management system of water supplying network based on ArcGIS is set up to achieve the goals of browsing the spatial data quickly, drawing the thematic map for the feedwater nodes, water supplying pipelines and other facilites. So it can improve the efficiency and quality of water supplying network management, and provide the scientific basis and technical support for the operation and maintenance of water supplying network and other daily management.

Abstract: In order to find the optimum mulch drip irrigation scheme in tobacco fields of southern China plain, the flue-cured tobaccos were treated with different water and nitrogen levels, the yield, WPc, and the economic benefits (EIRR, ENPV, EBCR) were calculated, then the PCA model and the entropy weight coefficient method were introduced in order to select the preferable pattern of mulch drip irrigation. Results showed that: the application of mulch drip irrigation obtained the predicted effects, which improved the yield of flue-cured tobaccos and achieved satisfactory economic benefits; the entropy weight method was appropriate for the comprehensive evaluation of the mulch drip irrigation scheme in tobacco fields of southern China, which could combine the objective weight with the subjective weight, reducing the arbitrariness of using only objective weight or only the subjective weight; the optimum mulch drip irrigation treatment was T5, with the entropy weight value of 0.921; followed by T9; T2 was the poorest. Therefore, drip irrigation with 12mm, 16mm, and 12mm each time during root-extending stage, vigorous stage and maturity stage, and N fertilizer amount with 83.3kg/hm² could be applied as the water-nitrogen scheme, serving for the production of tobaccos with good quality and high yield under mulch drip irrigation construction in southern China plain.

Abstract: Measure of plugging water refers to through sealing high water formation to slow down the contradiction between lays, so as to increase the liquid production of low water formation and to increase the swept volume the extent of reserves producing. It is an important measure that aims at the rapid increasing of liquid-oil ratio in late stage of high water-cut, to keep the stable production of oil field. It is an effective measure to reduce and control the useless water production rate which not only can increase the fluid production sensibly but also can slow down the production decline and guarantee the economic rationality in oilfield development. Field practice has proved that the measure of plugging water has a better guiding significance to the reservoir in late high or extra high water-cut stage. Through analyzing the effect of plugging water, and a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of plugging water, we can find out the key factors that affect the measures of plugging water, which has a better guiding significance to maximize the high water cut oilfield development profit.

Abstract: According to the uncertainty characteristics of water supply systems when it suffered by the threats, the entropy function was introduced into water supply systems for the risk assessment studies, and the risk entropy model of water supply systems was proposed. Taking the earthquake disaster as an example, firstly, based on the risk assessment theory and information entropy theory, the severity factor E_j of earthquake X_j which the water supply systems would be suffered was defined. Secondly, the product of severity factor E_j and occurrence probability P_j of earthquake X_j was computed, and the normalized value of the product was defined as the interaction coefficient q_j of earthquake X_j. Then, based on the theory basis above and risk formula, the risk entropy model H(R) of water supply systems was established. Finally, a water supply systems of north china was taking as a case studies. Through application we found that the model was theoretical and practical feasibility, which can be used to solve the uncertainty problem of water supply systems.

Abstract: With the fast development of technology and information, the information technology is being far more used in all trades and professions in order to give powerful technology supports to solve problem and make the right decision. Since these few years, as the climatic extremes are getting more frequent, especially extremely rainstorm, many cities are facing with serious waterlogging. The information technology has made many achievements for the city preventing -draining waterlogging these few years, developing lots of new technology using in the city municipal administration such as ZigBee network simulation technique, SDSS, GIS etc. These technologies supply new methods and new thinking for cities to face with the waterlogging.

Abstract: The agricultural irrigation water of Kaifeng city is mainly supplied by the Yellow River and the local underground water. According to conditions of the irrigation area water supply and groundwater reduction for many years, the paper puts forward the optimal allocation and the supplying water programs on using combination of surface water and groundwater. By using variable one-dimensional search technology, it will express nonlinearity function is approximated by piecewise linear function so as to set up the mathematical model of controlled object, so the nonlinear programming problem will be turned into linear programming problem. Thus choose different decision variables and different parameters to use computing in order to get to approach the optimal allocation of water resources.

Abstract: The advanced lime treatment system of municipal reclaimed water is applied increasingly extensive in fossil-fueled power plants. Lime metering is one core technique of this system. Lime metering in dry condition and lime metering in wet condition have advantages of metering accurately, no leakiness, no blockage, less investment, full automatic control and etc. These two automatic lime metering systems can meet the operation demand of the advanced lime treatment system.