Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: Water resources are the most valuable natural resources for human's survival and development, and the strategic resources of the national economic and social development. Reasonable utilization and allocation of water resources are the fundamental guarantee for the sustainable development strategy in China. So this paper first forecasts the demand of water for each region, then establishes a multi-objective optimization model of water resources and investigates quantitative methods for the social, economic and environment objectives. According to the specific circumstances of each region, we optimally allocate the water resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.

Abstract: Single climate model has much uncertainty on quantifying climate change, this paper proposes a new method, reliability ensemble averaging based on Bayesian weighted average (REA-BMA) to calculate the comprehensive climate change and then combines large-scale distributed watershed hydrologic cycling model SWAT to quantifying the effect of future climate change on basin water resources. The data sets from 1961 to 2040 of GCM models (HadCM3, CGCM3, BCCR, CSIRO) and three emission scenarios (A2, A1B and B2) are taking for uncertainty analysis and Huntai River basin in China is selected as study case. The results show that the proposed method could efficiently quantify the affect of climate change on watershed hydrologic cycle.

Abstract: Agricultural irrigation water utilization has a great influence on the natural water cycle process, especially in paddy irrigation district. In this study, an improved SWAT model is proposed to quantify the irrigation impact on water cycle in paddy fields with indexes of irrigation water demand and the irrigation return flow coefficient. The proposed SWAT model extracts irrigation water from a multi-water source module and applies water mass balance model to calculate flow process in paddy field, meanwhile a new algorithm of automatic irrigation application is also implemented due to the lack of long term observed irrigation data. Changge Irrigation District in Numin River Basin, China is selected as study case to simulate irrigation hydrologic water cycle. The result shows that the proposed SWAT has higher precision during calibration and validation periods, the developed model has been improved as compared to the original model.

Abstract: The virtual water trade theory is one of the hot topics in the field of water demand management research today, which is considered as an important method for water resources constraints to ensure food security. And the introduction of the virtual water concept provides a new approach to analyze and study water resources. We used the CLIMWAT crop, meteorological databases and China's actual data to calculate virtual water content of major food crops and food virtual water trade in China's major grain producing areas by CROPWAT8.0 model recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

Abstract: Critical rainfall is one of the most important parameters of prediction, forecasting and early warning on mountain torrents disasters with important meanings for preventing mountain torrents disasters. In this paper, the measured rainfall method was taken to calculate the critical rainfall in typical regions based on the rainfall data of typical regional meteorological stations. Then, the Inverse Distance Weighting spatial interpolation method and Ordinary Kriging Interpolation method are taken based on the typical regional critical rainfall to get the critical rainfall distribution map of Sichuan Province. The critical rainfall distribution maps, which obtained from the two kinds of interpolation methods, both have universality and operability. Among them, the critical rainfall distribution map mapped by the Ordinary Kriging Interpolation method was more consistent with the practical situation.

Abstract: The Grand Canal is the Chinese civilization landmark works, regrettably part of the Canal has been under mananged by poly-department but inefficiently for years. This paper analysed the Canals nature and cultural value; based upon investigation of the status quo, searched the unavoidable conflicts between water administration, engineering administration and cultural heritage protection in future, because of distinct management objectives; indicates the necessity to establish comprehensive regulations to protect and utilize ancient water project in use. This paper itemized typical cases and advanced experience at home and abroad, and then suggests completing and innovating the management of water projects of the Grand Canal.

Abstract: The study explored global climate change influence on water resources in Yellow River basin. A HBV hydrological model was developed to simulate the rainfall-runoff relationship at the region. Importing the CCLM climate model data, runoff at Lijin station was obtained in 2000-2039. The results indicate: (1) the annual average runoff depth is 1213mm, runoff in summer is larger than in spring,autumn and winter. The water resources decrease in three months (March, April and Jun) and increase in other months. (2) for inter-annual variations, the water resources increases slightly, and increase trend is about 64.8mm/10a. Water resources are insufficient in 200-2016, and rise gradually from 2017. (3) for different decades, the water resources are lack relatively in 2001-2010 and 2011-2020, and the differences are-59.4mm and-76.0mm respectively. While, the water resources in 2021-2030 and 2031-2039 are abundant, and the differences are 90.6mm and 88.8mm respectively.

Abstract: According to the characteristics and main task of the Geheyan hydropower station reservoir in the Qingjiang River, the problem of how to use reservoir storage capacity to cope with the contradictions between the flood control and power generation, reliability and economy of hydropower station, the supply and demand of power when runoff cannot be accurately forecasted. Aiming at these problems, various operation modes of Geheyan hydropower station are presented in this paper. In order to pursue maximizing generation benefit, considering both hydro condition and adjust peak requirement of power system, the expected benefit as the objective function is presented. Comparisons are conducted for three various operation modes. The results show that dynamic programming successive approximations (DPSA) is better than other algorithms, whose average annual generation and generating guarantee rate increase obviously compared to the effects of other algorithms.

Abstract: For more scientific and rational use of water resources in the basin of arid areas, best water resources development mode need to be determined for different areas of the basin. Typical arid areas basin - the Manas River Basin is taken as an example, on the basis of building the evaluation system of rational development of water resources and determining the weight vector of each index, by using of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, best development mode of regional water resources in the basin is determined, on this basis, the scientific and rational development mode of arid area water resources is summed up. The upper piedmont alluvial fan is mainly to be the development of surface water, the development of surface water-based, supplemented by groundwater or joint development of surface water and groundwater is mainly mode in the overflow zone of the fan edge, alluvial plains mainly develops groundwater-based, supplemented by surface water, the oil industry demands water in some areas, so the measurement of appropriate exploitation of groundwater can be taken in some part areas rich in groundwater.

Abstract: In 2011 the pollution receiving capacity red-line policy in No.1 document of central government made new request on up-to-standard assessments of water function zones. As the key and difficulty work in practice, overproof upstream water normally leads to unfair assessment results of downstream water function zones. In this paper, for calculating pollutant adjustment concentrations to avoid overproof upstream water effects at sections in downstream water function zones, downstream situations are classified according to influences from upstream branches, upstream sewage outlets, or whether in flood season. Equations based on one-dimensional water quality model and pollutant input-response model were put forward to deal with these situations even though downstream sections are not monitored. Calculations above included pollutant decay process, pollutant input-response relation and non-point source pollution. The results show that equations could be used in up-to-standard assessments of water function zones and support water resources management well.