Advanced Materials Research Vol. 742

Abstract: In this study, the results showed that water is the most important factor to affect crop yields and optimum soil moisture is lower under the conditions of peanut-and-millet interplanting. Thus, peanut-and-millet interplanting is generally able to fit most of the semi-arid region. In the interaction of various factors, the coupling effect of water and phosphorus was stronger than the coupling effect of fertilizers, following by the coupling effect of water and nitrogen. Among peanuts factors of water, nitrogen, and multi-factorial interaction of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus, water and nitrogen showed a negative effect, whereas the two-factor interactions had a positive effect. There were some differences between peanut and millet in the need for water and fertilizer, in which peanut required more nitrogen and millet needed slightly higher soil moisture and phosphorus. When other factors were in rich level, both of the optimal value for single factors of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus and the optimal value for two-factor interactions of water-nitrogen, water-phosphorus, and nitrogen-phosphorus, were higher than the optimal value for the interaction of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The tiny demand difference on moisture in peanut-millet interplanting could be compromised by configuring a reasonable interplanting population structure and the corresponding demand difference on fertilizer could be resolved by uneven crop planting strips. Under the condition of water-nitrogen-phosphorus interaction, the soil moisture content optimal for peanut accounted for 57.3% of the field capacity, and the related appropriate application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.98 g/pot (81.18 kg/hm²) and 0.39g/pot (32.18 kg/hm²), respectively. Likewise, the soil moisture content optimal for millet was 59.1% of the field capacity, and the counterpart appropriate application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.57 g/pot (47.03 kg/hm²) and 0.45g / pot (37.13 kg/hm²), respectively.

Abstract: Based on the data of river cross section water quality in China from 2002 to 2011, we analyze the interrelationship between economic growth and water pollution. The results reveal that water environment will deteriorate with economic growth currently. Openness has no significant effect on pollution. Pollution heaven hypothesis is not true due to environmental regulation. Positive structure effect relies heavily on the substitution of industry. Excellence in environment quality brings more tolerance of exhaustion than productivity to economic growth.

Abstract: Farmland is an important guarantee for national food security. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China, continuous decrease in arable land and farmland abandonment have become a common phenomenon, which is directly threatening the national food security. This study took the typical rural farmlands around Chengdu as research subjects. Through on-site investigation on farmland abandonment phenomenon in the three representative regions, including Longquanyi District, Chongzhou City and Qionglai City, and questionnaire surveys on rural population information, outflow of rural labors, economic status of rural family, farmland use status and effects of policies, the result shows that the three regions have different levels of farmland abandonment, which is primarily caused by land transfer and inflow of external capitals. This study proposed the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the basis of cause analysis.

Abstract: In this paper the substance flow analysis (SFA) method was employed to map the water, COD-C, TN-N flows in urban drainage system, focusing on the pathways of contaminants to urban water environment. As case studies, four cities were selected for the comparative assessments using the statistical data of 2011.Through examining the fluxes of three sources (effluent of WWTPs, wastewater discharged without treatment, and urban storm runoff) of COD-C and TN-N emission, analysis and discussionwere made based on different units of measurements.The results showed that the load of COD-C was in the range of 16.50~80.25 kg/y/capand 131.44~227.58 t/y/km², and TN-Nwas in the range of 1.20~5.43 kg/y/capand 9.57~23.18 t/y/km².Taking considerations ofproportional relationship among the three origins, urban storm runoff released the majority of COD-C to receiving water, accounting more than 60% of the total. For TN-N flows, effluent of WWTPs and urban storm runoff wereidentified as the major contributors, accumulated contribution of 85%.Thus, the outcomes from these substance flow analyses, suggested that a reduction in pollution could be achieved by improvingstormwater management and upgrading emission standard of WWTPs, and proved itself as an effective tool for urban wastewater management as well.

Abstract: This paper investigates the potential of 3D laser scan technology in landscape ecology from the perspective of basic theory and research method of landscape ecology. Compared with traditional research means, the 3D laser scan technology has more advantages and shown a good prospect in creating digital elevation model and landscape spatial pattern change monitoring.

Abstract: Geopolymer is a recently developed inorganic material that can be used to produce cement. In addition to being fire and chemical resistant, geopolymer possesses excellent mechanical properties. Geopolymeric materials are synthesized by alkaline activators such as an alumino-silicate source, which forms a gel binder phase. Toxic contaminants are also immobilized in this process. In this study, inorganic paste, different contents of MBA, and several types of activators are investigated to obtain the optimum condition. In addition, the crystalloid and crystal structure of geopolymer was analyzed by XRD and FTIR. The Korea Standard Leaching Test (KSLT) was also used to evaluate the environmental safety of inorganic paste. This study showed that the compressive strength of the WG activator is approximately twice as great as the NaOH and KOH activators. At pH 13, the WG activator also showed the best pH of the activators. In addition, the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete showed about 30 MPa in this condition. Finally, it was confirmed that all harmful heavy metals in MSWI ash were stabilized.

Abstract: The study the effect of unary or binary mulching micro-catchment models including plastic film-mulching ridge and ditch plantation (T₁), plastic film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching plantation (T₂) and plastic film-mulching ridge and ditch straw mulching plantation (T₃) on was carried out in allusion to the critical issue of the severe lack of water resource in the western Liaoning province of China, in comparison with traditional cropping patterns. The water-holding effect of T₂ under the condition of this experiment is the best, followed by T₃ and T₁. During corn growth stage, through respective comparison, the water is less consumed by 49.87 mm, 43.06 mm and 29.39 mm. In the meantime, the micro-catchment could reduce the water requirement of the crop. Through respective comparison, T₂, T₃ and T₁ reduce water requirement by 81.66 mm, 69.20 mm and 48.45 mm during the growth stage. The average crop coefficient the growth stage is respectively reduced by 0.12,0.16 and 0.09 compared to that under the traditional model. The corn yield and water use efficiency (WUE) is increased to a different extent through various catchment plantation cultivation models and traditional plantation model. Especially, it is increased substantially by T₃ and T₂.

Abstract: Atmospheric particulate samples of seven sites in Jinan city weres collected by intelligent and middle flow TSP sample (TH-150C). Methods were employed to extract Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from atmospheric particulate matter, including accelerated solvent extraction, revolving evaporation, silica column filtration and nitrogen blowing apparatus. Also, the Gas Chromatogram - Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) detection technology was adopted to determine the concentrations of PAHs. The mass concentration and total concentration of 16 PAHs in the particulates were obtained in the ambient air of selected seven sites in Jinan city. According to the detection datum, the pollution characteristics and Spatio-Temporal distribution patterns of these PAHs were discussed. The analysis results demonstrated that the variation pattern of the total amount of these 16 PAHs was winter season> autumn season > spring season > summer season in one year. Moreover, comparison to the total concentration of 16 PAHs collected in the seven sites during non heating period, Zhangqiu had the highest PAHs level and the Monitoring Station of Jinan city had the lowest PAHs level. However, during both the sandstorm period and heating period, Changqing occupied the highest PAHs level and Paoma Ling had the lowest PAHs level. In addition, the total amount levels of the 16 PAHs in ambient particulates of the seven sites have identical patterns: non heating period < sandstorm period < heating period. However, the total concentration of PAHs during the heating period was much higher than those during both sandstorm and non heating periods. Besides, the structure of PAHs in ambient particulates in Jinan city was mainly based on middle-and-high rings. Therefore, the monitoring and prevention of middle-and-high rings structures of PAHs should be emphasized in Jinan city in future.

Abstract: The effects of the supply voltage, water flow rate, concentration of H₂O₂ absorption and flue gas flow rate on NO removal rate were studied. The chemical reaction mechanism of NO removal was discussed. It was concluded that the NO removal rate increased the increasing of supply voltage, water flow rate and concentration of H₂O₂, and decreased with the increasing of the flue gas flow rate on the experimental conditions. On the synergy with corona discharge and H₂O₂ solution oxidation, NO removal rate reached 60.2%.

Abstract: Arsenic release mediated by biotic and abiotic activities from sediment during resuspension was investigated in laboratory. The results showed that arsenic was released strongly during resuspension, indicating highly contaminated sediment disturbed by wave or anthropogenic process may lead to strong arsenic release and threaten the local aquatic environment. Combine with change of solid species, we can conclude that oxidation of arsenic sulfides primarily contributed to arsenic release to the aqueous phase. Arsenic release was significantly accelerated by aerobic bacteria compared with uninoculated systems, suggesting biotic oxidation of arsenic sulfides may be the dominant mechanism responsible for partition of arsenic between solid and aqueous phase during resuspension.