Advanced Materials Research Vol. 815

Abstract: Here we reported a combined technique for articular cartilage repair, consisting of bone arrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide-b-ethylene glycol-b-dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) triblock copolymers carried with tissue growth factor (TGF-belat1). In the present study, BMMSCs seeded on PLGA-PEG-PLGA with were incubated in vitro, carried or not TGF-belta1, Then the effects of the composite on repair of cartilage defect were evaluated in rabbit knee joints in vivo. Full-thickness cartilage defects (diameter: 5 mm; depth: 3 mm) in the patellar groove were either left empty (n=18), implanted with BMMSCs/PLGA (n=18), TGF-belta1 modified BMMSCs/PLGA-PEG-PLGA. The defect area was examined grossly, histologically at 6, 24 weeks postoperatively. After implantation, the BMMSCs /PLGA-PEG-PLGA with TGF-belta1 group showed successful hyaline-like cartilage regeneration similar to normal cartilage, which was superior to the other groups using gross examination, qualitative and quantitative histology. These findings suggested that a combination of BMMSCs/PLGA-PEG-PLGA carried with tissue growth factor (TGF-belat1) may be an alternative treatment for large osteochondral defects in high loading sites.

Abstract: Purposes: Cystatins, as a kind of reversible cysteine proteases and potential inhibitor, have been found widely distributed in organisms and have potential capability of inhibiting fungi. Aflatoxins, toxic and extremely carcinogenic natural secondary metabolites, result in worldwide contamination. Procedures and Methods: Recombinant Chicken Cystatin was conducted to surface of peanut followed by inoculation with A. flavus Estimation of growth scores and detection of Aflatoxin by HPLC and relative quantification expression level of biosynthetic genes nor-1, Ver-1, omt and aflR via Real-time PCR were investigated indifferent days culture peanuts after incubating for 8d. Results: Scores were observed and aflatoxin B1 was detected since 4d in control and 5d in treatment. All of four expression levels of treatment groups were lower than control, beginning at 5d later one day than control group. Conclusions: Inhibition function of Cystatins was observed markedly, and it may bring promising contribution in the respective of peanut storage.

Abstract: The leaf extracts of Taxus chinenwsis var.mairei Cheng et L.K. and Alsophila podophylla Hook. could inhibit respectively the activity of cholinesterase slightly,but leaf extract of Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. and Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb) Bernh showed little effects on the activity of cholinesterase respectively. The leaf extract of the plants below could activate the activity of cholinesterase evidently by the order as Dracaena angustifolia > Sansevieria trifasciata Prain var. laurentii (De Wildem.) N. E. Brown> Piper betle Linn > Duranta repens cv. Dwarf Yellow > Podocaarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.)D. Don > Podocarpus nagi Decussocarpus nagi, the plants may be used to develop new reactivators of ChE inhibited by organic phosphorous compounds.

Abstract: Among the extractants used, the extraction effect by acetone was the best, and the one by mixed extractant B was the second. The extraction effect declined gradually according to the order below: acetone >mixed extractant B >alcohol >95% alcohol >ethyl acetate >80% acetone >90% acetone >mixed extractant A >aether. Otherwise, when extraction time was 10 min, the extraction effect by acetone was the best. When dosage was 5 mL, the extraction effect by acetone was the best. With 95% alcohol being used to prepare extractants with acetone, the extraction effect was the best when the volume ratio of acetone and 95% alcohol was 2:1. With alcohol solution of different concentration being used to prepare extractants with acetone, where acetone/alcohol solution volume ratio was 2:1, the extraction effect was the best when the concentration of alcohol solution was 75% (v/v).

Abstract: Hexadecane microcapsule phase change materials were prepared by the in-situ polymerization method using hexadecane as core materials, urea-formaldehyde resin and urea-formaldehyde resin modified with melamine as shell materials respectively. Effect of melamine on the properties of microcapsules was studied by FTIR, biomicroscopy (UBM), TGA and HPLC. The influences of system concentration, agitation speed and mass ratio of wall to core were also investigated. The results indicated that hexadecane was successfully coated by the two types of shell materials. The addition of melamine into the urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsule reduced microcapsule particle size and microencapsulation efficiency. The influences of factors such as system concentration, agitation speed and mass ratio of wall to core to different wall materials microcapsules presented different variety trends of the microcapsule particle size.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cell viability and angiogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) stimulated by a new fabricated nagelschmidititebioceramic. The Ca₇Si₂P₂O₁₆bioceramics (CSP) were extracted with L-DMEM for 72h. The extracts were analyzed byInductively Coupled Plasma optical emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine the elemental concentrations of calcium, siliconand phosphorus (Ca, Si and P). MTT assay was conducted to evaluate the cell viability of original extracts. Gene expression of endothelial specific markers including vWF and CD31 was assayed forBMSCs cultured in original extracts on day 3 and 10 to determine the angiogenesis.The results showed that the concentration of Ca, P and Si ions released from CSP ceramic were 112.0mg/L, 62.0mg/L and 19.8mg/L respectively, which were much more than β-TCP and control group. CSP also showed more significant cell viability and higher exression level of vWF and CD31 when rBMSCs were cultured with its extracts. This study indicated that this new bioceramics are promising bioactive materialsfor bone tissue regeneration.

Abstract: A series of 2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl-4-phenol)-5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles by the reaction of 3-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid, prepared from 3-formyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid and o-phenylendiamine in the presence of sodium bisulfite, with (un) substituted benzoic acid hydrazides using PEG supported dichlorophosphate as dehydration reagent under microwave-accelerated solvent-free condition has been developed. Structures of the corresponding products were elucidated by IR and ¹HNMR spectra and elemental analysis.

Abstract: Utilization of agriculture waste has been an issue around the world. In this study, the natural cellulose was extracted from pineapple leaf. Under the optimal pretreatment conditions of 25 g/L, 368 K and 6 h, the ratio of obtained cellulose was above 85 wt%. The structure of obtained cellulose at different stage was confirmed by XRD results. Origin cellulose (OC) and pretreated cellulose (PC) belong to be cellulose I, while regenerated cellulose possessed cellulose II structure, attributed to the dissolution of ionic liquid which destroyed the hydrogen bonds between the cellulose molecules. On the other hand, the structure could be explained by the morphology analysis of OC, PC and RC. The porous network structure of RC led to the reduction of ordered crystalline region and the decrease of crystallinity (CrI), which was proved by BET results. However, the dissolution was testified to be a physical process through FTIR analysis, the existence of characteristic absorption peaks of cellulose. The thermal stability was decreased through pretreatment, dissolution processes, corresponding to the decrease of CrI. The disordered amorphous region of RC decides convenient for production and broad applications.

Abstract: To solve the problems of dead angle and low dissolved oxygen of current soil purification tank system, the combined soil purification tank system reactor was designed to treat domestic sewage by our research group. The results of 10 months indicated that the optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) were 2.5d; the influent COD concentration fluctuating at 130~350mg/L; the optimal aeration opposition were in the front and the rear end with using the intermittent aeration mode; Under these conditions as above, the COD, NH₄⁺-N, TN and TP average removal rates were 88.8%(S=1.51%), 91.2%(S=1.30%), 89.6%(S=2.15%) and 92.4%(S=2.79%) at (23±2) °C, respectively. Based on the results of trial, the mechanisms of the combined soil purification tank system reactor with higher efficacy in treatment of low concentration sewage are owed to the structure of the waveform and slope, high efficient wetland plants and soil microorganisms of degradation performance and soil matrix of adsorption.

Abstract: Green house not only means to make green by planting trees, flowers, etc, it should be follow the basic ideas of people oriented, resource saving and environmental protection. The selection of building materials is a vital aspect in green house. This article starts from the requirements in green residential construction, then discusses in detail about the current situation of new building materials and their future development trends, such as new materials for wall, new insulation materials, new water-proof materials, and new decoration materials and so on.