Improvement of Acid Clay Using Calcium-Rich By-Product Recovered from Petroleum De-Sulfur Operation

Abstract:

The objective of this research is to study the efficiency of acclimating the Tapumei Series red clay collected from Ming-Tou, Na-Tou in central Taiwan by using the calcium-rich by-product recovered from the CFB (Circulation Fluidized-Bed Boiler) de-sulfur operation. At the end of the testing period, the samples were dried, sieved and analyzed for pH, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, and aluminum. The plant growth was observed for 7 weeks in order to investigate the influence of soil improvement on the growth and production of corn. The results reveal that all samples show an initial sharp increase from 3 to 7.5, 8.1, 8.4 and 8.6 for samples added with 18, 27, 36 and 45 tons/hectare of lime, respectively, and the final pH values after 6 months were 6.5, 7.2, 7.6 and 7.9, respectively. The lime treatment increases the soil exchangeable anion concentrations and reduces the aluminum ion concentration. This is because that the recovered CBF by-product is rich in CaO that neutralizes the soil H+ and raises the soil pH. Additionally, the anions contained in the by-product will also enhance the soil nutrients and lower the solubility of aluminum.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 853)
• Pages: 276-281
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.853.276
• Online since: December 2013
• Authors: Chuan Chi Chien*, Shui Wen Chang-Chien, Min Chao Wang, Yuan Chung Liao, Yueh Shih Lu, Tsung Yin Yang
• Keywords: Acid Soil Reclamation, Aluminum Toxicity, CFB By-Product, Petroleum De-Sulfur Operation, Recovered CFB Lime

References

[1] J. R. Hirth, G. D. Li, Chan KY, B. R. Cullis, Long-term effects of lime on earthworm abundance and biomass in an acidic soil on the south-western slopes of New South Wales, Australia, Applied Soil Ecology, 43: 106-114(2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.06.007

[2] J. Liu, N. V. Hue, Amelioration subsoil acidity by surface application of calcium fulvates derived from common organic materials, Biol. Fertil. Soils, 21: 264-270. DOI: 10. 1007/BF00334902(1996).

DOI: 10.1007/bf00334902

[3] J. M. McCray, M. E. Sumner, Assessing and modifying Ca and Al levels in acid subsoils, Adv. Soil Sci., 14: 45-75(1990).

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3356-5_2

[4] M. Toma, M. E. Sumner, G. Weeks, M. Saigusa, Long-term effects of gypsum on crop yield and subsoil chemical properties, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 39: 891-895(1999).

DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1999.634891x

[5] A. D. Noble, M. E. Sumner, A. K. Alva, The pH dependency of aluminum phytotoxicity alleviation by calcium sulfate, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 52: 1398-1402(1988).

DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200050036x

[6] M. P. Rodríguez-Jordá, F. Garrido, M. T. García-González, Potential use of gypsum and lime rich industrial by-products for induced reduction of Pb, Zn and Ni leachability in an acid soil, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (15), 762-769(2010).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.074

[7] T. T. Tsai, C. M. Kao, Treatment of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soils using hydrogen peroxide oxidation catalyzed by waste basic oxygen furnace slag, J. of Haz. Mat., 170: 466-472(2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.073

[8] Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, NIEA S410. 62C(2009).

[9] E. C. Doll, R. E. Lucas, Soil Testing and Plant Analysis, SSSA, Madison, Wis, 133-152(1973).

[10] A. L. Page, H. R. Miller, R. D. Keeney, Methods of Soil Analysis Part II - Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Soil Science of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 5: 199-224(1982).

[11] T. T. Tsai, C. M. Kao, A. Hong A, Treatment of tetrachloroethylene-contaminated groundwater by surfactant-enhanced persulfate/BOF slag oxidation-A laboratory feasibility study, J. of Haz. Mat., 171: 571-576(2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.036

[12] Y. W. Wang, The Effect of CaCO3 Addition on K Fixation and K Availability in the Strongly Acid Soils, Soil and Environment, 2: 333-345(1999).

[13] J. H. Chen, C. C. Fang, Effects of Soil Moisture Regime on the Forms and Availability of Potassium in Soils, Taiwan Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, 42: 321-328(2004).