Advanced Materials Research Vols. 860-863

Abstract: A new and green technology for converting microalgae to high value-added chemicals with solid metal oxides catalysts under hydrothermal conditions was proposed. The results indicated that ZrO₂, among other test catalysts, can prominently boost the production of acetic acid and a highest yield of 24% was achieved at 300 °C for 2 h with a filling rate of 50%. The metal oxides catalyst provided a promising solution to obtain acetic acid from microalgae conversion.

Abstract: Effects of primary settling tank (PST) on phosphorus removal and the ratio of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) to phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (AAO) process were investigated by field survey and batch test. The AAO process without PST showed higher phosphorus removal efficiency than that with PST. In the anoxic tank, the phenomenon of anoxic phosphorus uptake and anaerobic phosphorus release were observed in the AAO process without and with PST, respectively. The DBP/PAOs ratio was 46% and 39% in the AAO process with and without PST, respectively. The AAO process with PST yielded higher microbial activities than that without PST.

Abstract: Experiments of Rapeseed Oil Hydrolysis Reaction in Sub-Critical Water (250-300°C, 5-60min) are Conducted in this Paper. Results Show that the Best Conditions for Rapeseed Oil Hydrolysis are Reaction Temperature 290°C, Oil-Water Volume Ratio 1:3, Reaction Time 40min, and Conversion Rate 98.9%. Meanwhile, Kinetic Analysis of this Hydrolysis Reaction is Presented. we Learn that Hydrolysis Reaction Order is 0.7778, Activation Energy is 55.34kJ/mol and the Dynamic Model is .

Abstract: Production of biofuel from renewable sources is considered to be one of the most sustainable alternatives to petroleum sourced fuels. Biofuels are also viable means for environmental and economic sustainability. Biofuels are divided into four generations. At present microalgae are presented as an ideal third generation biofuel feedstock because of their rapid growth rate and they also do not compete with food or feed crops, and can be produced on non-arable land. Microalgae have broad bioenergy potential because they can be used to produce liquid transportation and heating fuels (bioethanol, biodiesel). In this paper we present an overview about biofuels generation, especially about using duckweed for bioethanol production.

Abstract: To find out the Co-pyrolysis characteristics of Dianchi Lake sludge and coal,Dianchi Lake sludge was introduced into coal pyrolysis process. In this paper,the pyrolysis experiments of Dianchi Lake sludge and coal were carried out by TG and TGA. Results show that the TG and DTG profiles of Dianchi Lake sludge were similar to coal, but different from coal under various blending ratios.Interaction was observed between the solid phases of Dianchi Lake sludge. The results provide a reference for further study on co-pyrolysis of Dianchi Lake sludge and coal to a certain extent.

Abstract: The pyrolysis characteristics for two types biomass material was tested at 230°C~250°C, and the pyrolysis product component was on-line analyzed by using moisture micro-detection teller, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer computer and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Besides, two different algorithms were used to evaluate the test error. In addition, the generated tar gas was secondary decomposed at 800°C. It is found that the tar was broken up completely, which increased the hydrogen content sharply in the pyrolysis gas. The test data shows that the heat value of cotton stalk improves better than that of the corn stalk after pyrolysis, so it is more suitable for cotton stalk than corn stalk to improve the value in use by means of low temperature pyrolysis technology.

Abstract: Utilization of wheat straw for bio-based chemicals production is a research focus. In this work, experiments were conducted to study the preparation conditions of activated carbon from formic acid hydrolysis residue of wheat straw applying response surface methodology. The effects of activation reaction temperature, retention time and activator quantity on the decolorizing capacity of activated carbon were dealt with in this paper. Optimal preparation conditions were abtained by response surface methodology as followed: the content of ZnCl₂ solution was 14.2%, reaction temperature was 798°C and retained time was 30 mins with a decolorizing capacity of 15.8 mL methylene blue. Results indicated that the technology was available.

Abstract: The industry of biomass power in China has been growing tremendously in recent years, but it is faced with many challenges now. The low efficiency of straw combustion in the boiler results in that the carbon content in the fly ash could reach 15~30%. The ash is also rich in silica, potassium, calcium and has a lot of microelements. A kind of fly ash from a biomass power plant mainly uses corn straw as feedstock was studied. XRF analysis showed that the contents of K₂O, CaO and MgO in the ash were 7.22%, 13.61% and 7.22%, respectively. Leaching experiments were conducted to evaluate the solubility of nutritive elements K, Ca and Mg in the ash. The results indicated that acid could enhance the solubility compared with pure water. Under the optimal conditions of filtrate final pH neutral, leaching time 20min, ratio of liquid to solid (L/S) 2, reaction temperature 40°C and stirring time 1min just for homogenization, 36.9% of K, 42.8% of Ca and 10.1% of Mg in the ash could be extracted. These dissolution rates were still very low, that means, the thorough extraction is not very easy and further research should be continued to make the straw power industry ecological and sustainable.

Abstract: More and more countries are focusing on the lack of resources with the consumption of large quantities of fossil energy. The Chinese government is actively promoting the policies related to the transformation of the energy structure which will increase the proportion of clean energy consumption and reduce the proportion of fossil energy consumption in order to relieve the pressure on domestic energy. Interest in the generation of biogas from agricultural residues is increasing rapidly due to its climate benefits. This article is committed to analysis the economic performance of the biogas cogeneration energy supply system of livestock and poultry breeding plants in southern China. The model of the biogas cogeneration energy supply system of livestock and poultry breeding plants in southern China and the advices to the government will also been proposed as a result. According to the results, biogas cogeneration system is feasible in economy with reasonable device configuration and operating strategy.

Abstract: Energy crops are not only the key to the development of biomass energy, but also canpromote the improvement of saline and other marginal land and mprove the utilization efficiency.The rural biomass energy utilization status and characteristics of different energy crops and researchstatus in Yellow River Delta was introduced; Castor, switchgrass and sweet sorghum grown inmarginal land feasibility are discussed; Finally, the several suggestions of to promote biomassenergy and local marginal land development have been proposed.