Advanced Materials Research Vol. 900

Abstract: The oxidation kinetics of 2205 stainless steel in humid air at high temperature were studied by adopting thermal-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology, composition and microstructure of the oxide scales were analyzed using SEM and XRD. The experiment showed that few scales form on the surface of DSS2205 at less than 800°C.With increasing temperature above 800°C, thickness of oxide scales increase and the inner oxides can be found. The nodules can be observed when the temperature reaches 1050°C.

Abstract: This paper has discussed the characteristics, roles, feasibility and obvious effects of the technology by applying electric field to enhance oil recovery when the oil field is in high water cut stage and super high water cut stage. In view that most oil wells in old oil field have entered into the super high water cut production, the remaining oil in the main reservoir is in fragmented distribution with poor results of water injection and new reserves of oil mostly have a low penetration rate and are thin layers of poor physical properties, the use of the direct current field in period of high water cut is the best policy to achieve high and stable yield and is fairly promising.

Abstract: Apatite is a valuable component of the collophane taken from Yunnan, as it is in the shape of oolith and contains a lot of carbon, and hence an effective benefication of the apatite is difficult to be occurred by means of concentration. Based on the results of both direct and reverse flotation tests, it shows that reverse flotation is effective in the benefication of the apatite to a certain extent. When reverse flotation is employed to treat the run-of-mine at a grade of 18.77%, the concentrate containing P₂O₅ 24.04% at a recovery of 62.58% can be produced.

Abstract: In this study, simulated the reservoir conditions of SuiZhong 36-1 offshore field, we did the research on the optimization experiment of injection timing and injection pattern of the binary composite flooding after polymer flooding. After polymer flooding the launching of binary compound system is studied at the different injection timing (namely when the water content ratio is 0%, the lowest point , 70% and 95% after polymer flooding), the results show that the final recovery efficiency is the highest while directly conversion after polymer flooding, followed is conversion while the water content ratio is the lowest ,70%and 95%..Also compared the impact results of injection of binary complex system in different injection ways on oil displacement effect, the result shows that the injection of 0.3 PV binary complex system is better than the system of polymer injection 0.05 PV + 0.2 PV binary compound system + 0.05 PV polymer binary and 0.1 PV polymer + 0.2 PV binary compound system. But the impact of changing injection way on the ultimate recovery is not big, do before and after protection in a polymer slug is more advantageous to control the cost of industrialization, to maximize the overall benefits of oilfield development.

Abstract: Fracture is an important controlling factor for the distribution of natural gas reservoirs in the tight conglomerate reservoirs in the Lower Jurassic Zhenzhuchong Formation at the north of Western Sichuan basin. Using the data of outcrops, cores, image logs and thin sections, combined with experimental analysis, we analyze the fracture origin types, distribution characteristics and formation sequences. There are three types of fractures, i.e. tectonic fractures, diagenetic fractures and original fractures in the tight conglomerate reservoirs. Among them, tectonic fractures are dominant, which can be classified into four sets, i.e. E-W, nearly S-W, NWW-SEE, NEE-SWW orientations. According to the statistics of areal density and fractal dimension, the average fracture areal density is 0.31cm/cm2, with the bulk in the range of 0.15-0.60cm/cm2. The fracture fractal dimensions are distributed at 0.95-1.70. There is a well positive correlation between fracture areal density and fractal dimension. Micro-fractures are important channels that connect matrix intergranular pores and intragranular dissolved pores, which improve the connectivity among pores. The tectonic fractures in the study area were formed in two periods, i.e. the end of Cretaceous and the end of Neogene.

Abstract: Former USSR manufactured ΤΠ-230-2 type coal burning boiler has serviced for more than 369000 hours. The water fall tube burst caused by corrosion. The following examinations have been carried out , including macro-examination, metallographic analysis, tensile tests, inner and outer wall corrosion products and insulation materials analysis. Strength and remained thickness has also been calculated. Suggestions have been proposed to prevent similar explosions.

Abstract: Incident frequency of wave on the intensity variation of the EME had been studied in this paper, based on failure test under dynamic load of Granite. The results show that the intensity of EME gradually attenuates with increasing of incident frequency of wave. The intensity of EME with the joint stiffness; the intensity of EME increases with viscosity coefficient; the variation of the EME with viscosity coefficient is influenced by frequency. The research outcomes are in agreement with others experimental results.

Abstract: The boundary element method , combined with the least squares method is proposed to determine the anisotropic elastic plane Laurent series of coefficients a boundary element method of least squares . This method sets the boundary element method and Laurent series method is a long one, not only high accuracy, while access to the plane problem abundance analytical solutions to the infinite domain oval hole of stress concentration problems as an example, the results of the calculation results with the analytical solution compared to illustrate the method is to solve the proble of elastic plane an effective way .

Abstract: The article gives the differential equation of bending of a thin plate at nonlinear creep. This equation is suitable for arbitrary dependencies between stresses and creep deformations. Derivation of the equation is based on simplifying hypotheses Kirchhoff-Loves technical theory of plate bending. Solution is made numerically by finite difference method. Calculations were performed in mathematical package MATLAB. As the material was taken epoxy polymer EDT-10, for which is valid the physical law of Maxwell-Gurevich. It is shown that with the growth of displacements the maximum stresses in the polymer plate decrease.

Abstract: Chip to Chip bonding technology using Cu bumps with solder capping layer has been widely investigated for 3D chip stacking applications. We studied the reliability of the Cu joints. Cu bumps capped with Sn-Ag solder layer were joined to bare Cu pads or Au/Ni electroplated Cu pads at 300°C for 10 sec after dispensing non-conductive paste (NCP). After joining, there were no failed joints and the contact resistance of the joints was very low in all specimens. High temperature storage (HTS) test (120°C, up to 2000 hrs) results demonstrated that the reliability was good in all specimens, while thermal cycling test (-55°C /+125°C, up to 2500 cycles) results showed that the contact resistance of the joints increased quickly after 2000 cycles which was attributed the crack formation in the joint interfaces.