Advanced Materials Research Vols. 953-954

Abstract: In order to find out the appropriate kinetic model for biomass pyrolysis, pyrolysis experiments of four samples (untreated biomass, HCl-washed, 3%KCl-treated and 10% KCl-treated) of sweet sorghum bagasse were performed by Thermogravimetry (TG) separately at different heating rates. The pyrolysis data was processed by the methods of Ozawa、Coats-Redfern integration and Achar-Brindley-Sharp differential, and the kinetic parameters were calculated. The results showed that the activation energy from deduced mechanism functions is more approach to the Ozawa’s than that from tentative mechanism functions, and the deduced mechanism functions can more realistically reflect the dynamic process four samples of sweet sorghum bagasse pyrolysis.

Abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the combustion characteristics of briquette fuel produced from sawdust mixed with glycerin. The study compared the combustion temperatures and mass reduction over time during combustion. The environmental impact was also studied by detecting acrolein gas. The experiments were carried out using briquette fuel mixed by sawdust, molass and glycerin of different ratios. The results indicated that increasing of the ratio of glycerin affected on higher combustion temperature, and higher mass reduction. Acrolein gas was found in exhaust at maximum of 48.6 ppm. This quantity of toxic gas was acceptable.

Abstract: In recent years, China biofuel has been developed rapidly, but still has certain gap with other countries such as U.S. and so on. This paper makes brief comparison of the China’s biofuel production with the U.S. firstly, and finds that smallest gap of biofuel production between two countries happened in 2006, and expands later. In order to judge the production changes of biofuel, the Hubbert model is used to analyze possible trends of the China biofuel production by first generation Secondly, based on the forecast scenarios, which are set according to resources and the technical factors. The results show that production would possibly reach the peak around 66 million barrels in 2025. Finally, this paper compares future Sino-U.S. biofuel production trends, and finds that China’s biofuel production in 2020 would be same as that of the U.S. in 2003.

Abstract: The study of biogas production was conducted to find effective fermentation which will enhance digester gas manufacturing system and reduce waste in military areas. Co-digester between food wastes with pig manure was studied. The experiment was divided into three proportions of food waste and manure based on dry matter mass. The first is 100:0 which contains 26 kg. of food waste. The second is 85:15 which was composed of 22 kg. of food per 4 kg. of pig manure. And the third is 70:30 which contains 18 kg. of food per 8 kg. of pig manure. Leavening agent for digester came from pig manure. The 21 day experiment was carried out to collect and analyze biogas samples. According to these results, the proportion 85:15 produced a large quantity of biogas which was 1,134 liters. Methane generation rate is increasing and hydrogen is also high as 32.26%. The heating reached the highest value at 1.491 MJ. or 3.189 times compared to the proportion 100:0 in the experimental temperature of 31-33 °C

Abstract: An experimental study on co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal was performed in a tubular furnace for comparison of product (tar, water, gas and char) yields and composition. The coal sample selected was Huai Nan bituminous coal (HN), while the biomass used was cotton stalk (CS), and the blending ratio of biomass in mixtures was 0/100, 5/100, 10/100, 20/100, 30/100, and 50/100. The blends of coal and biomass were heated 600°C at 5°C/min, and then kept for 15 min during the pyrolysis. The results indicated that there exist synergetic effects in the co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal. The tar yield was 9.33% higher than the theoretical value at the CS blending ratio of 5/100. The maximum light oil content in tar was 9.67% higher than the theoretical value at the CS blending ratio of 10/100.

Abstract: Bio energy and circular agriculture is the hot topic of current research，and they are the main direction of future agricultural development. Based on the study of bio-energy and circular agriculture relations, this paper analyzes the problems in coordinated development of bio-energy and circular agriculture, and then it discusses the measures for coordinated development between bio-energy and circular agriculture from policy, technology and propaganda. This helps to solve the problems of energy shortage, the rural economy development lag and environmental pollution in China.

Abstract: To study the influences of the acid-washing on the characteristics of soybean stalk pyrolysis , and search the high-efficiency catalyst for biomass pyrolysis, pyrolysis experiments of soybean stalk pretreated by 0.1mol/L HCl acid solution were performed by nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at five different heating rates. The results showed the pyrolysis process of HCl-washed soybean stalk can be separated into four stages (water loss, depolymeri-zation and vitrification, thermal decomposition, and carbonization). At the same heating rate, the maximum pyrolysis rate of HCl-washed is larger than untreated soybean stalk, but the corresponding temperature is higher. All the DTG (differential thermogravimetric) curveas appear a smaller shoulder peak respectively. With the heating rate increasing, the main pyrolysis zone of the TG (thermogravimetric) and DTG curves move to the high-temperature direction, and the maximum pyrolysis rate and its corresponding temperature increase too. HCl-wahsed makes the weight loss rate of the final temperature increase 5% approximately. The value area of activation energy of the main pyrolysis area is 140.19~174.59 kJ/mol calculated by the method of Ozawa. The Šatava method inferred the most possible mechanism function of HCl-wahsed soybean stalk is Zhuralev-Lesakin-Tempelman equation, which is three-dimensional diffusion.

Abstract: Technical and economic conditions of hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water and in air-steam media have been evaluated. Reaction mechanism, technological process, product gas composition and operation costs of two processes were compared. Results indicate that biomass gasification in supercritical water has much more advantages than in air-steam medium, such as easier operation process, smaller machine area, high gasification efficiency, and less pollution, etc. There are no needs of biomass pretreatment and post-processing for product gas in supercritical water. Moreover, the proportions of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane are high, so these kinds of product gas all can be utilized. However, the cost of producing 1Nm3hydrogen in supercritical water is $0.6537, which is a little higher than $0.4228 in air-steam media. With the construction of more supercritical water unit and accumulation of more experience, hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water will have a more bright future.

Abstract: Oil palm is an important oil crop. This paper introduces the background of palm oil utilization, summarizes its advantages over other biodiesel resources, the feasibility of China developing palm oil as new energy resource based on the current utilization status, and discusses the possible environmental effect that planting might result.

Abstract: China has abundant biomass resources and biomass heating is now at the stage of development in China. In view of the influence factors in the process of biomass heating this article use the Multi-level fuzzy analysis method to establish the Biomass heating evaluation model of small towns. Provides the reference for the promotion of living material heating way in small towns Based on economic factors, environmental factors affecting biomass heating of small towns, energy guide factors and technical factors were analyzed, and the factors affecting the biomass heating of small towns are comprehensive evaluation, It provides the reference for the promotion of living material heating way in small towns according to analyze the influence the economic factors, environmental factors, energy guide factors and technical factors and comprehensive evaluate the influence factors of biomass heating of small towns the Factors affecting the biomass heating of small towns.