Advanced Materials Research Vols. 953-954

Abstract: Biodiesel has been receiving increasing attention as a potential sustainable fuel. It is used for diesel engines and is becoming well-known as an environmentally friendly fuel due to its non-toxic and biodegradable characteristics. As biodiesel production, Dunaliella salina algae could be an alternative raw material. Due to their high biomass productivity, rapid lipid accumulation, and ability to survive in saline water, algae has been identified as promising feedstocks for industrial-scale production of biodiesel ^[1]. The oil content of Dunaliella salina algae may exceed to 35%. Using two-step catalytic conversion, algae oil with high free fatty acid and triglyceride content was converted to biodiesel by esterification and transesterification. The conversion rate reached 98% under the ratio of 10:1 at 65°C for 2h,using catalysis with 2% solid superacid.

Abstract: In order to obtain gas potential and characteristics of ginger skin in biogas fermentation as raw material, and explore effect of different treatments on properties of biogas fermentation with ginger skin. At the temperature of 30°C, biogas fermentations with ginger skin were treated in two ways (natural decay and mixed with pig manure). Experiments were respectively set five different treatments (direct fermentation, natural decay, adding pig manure after natural decay (TS content of pig manure / TS content of ginger skin were respectively 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1)). The results showed gas potential of ginger skin and total gas production were respectively 118.08ml/gTS and 320ml, after the 11^th day, the fermentation was in a serious acidification, as a result of stopping gas production. The fermentations with ginger skin which went through natural decay and adding pig manure after natural decay can both eliminate acidification which caused by use of ginger skin directly, and conduce to the fermentation with ginger skin. The fermentation with ginger skin which went through natural decay had higher degradation rate of TS, total gas production, TS gas potential and methane content than fermentation with ginger skin directly.

Abstract: In order to get the biogas fermentation potential of the Cynodon dactylon (L.)Pers, this experiment was conducted the CSRT anaerobic batch fermentation with the Cynodon dacytlon (L.)Pers. as the raw material and the mixed cultivate as inoculum, on the condition of feed concentration of 6.20%, temperature of 30°C and pH of 7.5. The fermentation period lasted 42 days. The results showed it produced total 4400mL biogas while went over the 80% of the biogas production in the early 25 days. The TS biogas production rate was 311mL/g, the VS biogas production rate was 372mL/g, and the raw material biogas production rate was 288mL/g, which implicated that Cynodon dactylon (L.)Pers. is a potential biogas fermentation raw material.

Abstract: In order to gain the biogas production potential from Oxalis corymbosa, the anaerobic batch fermentation which were divided into the control group (120ml inoculum), the experimental group (120ml inoculum and 125g Oxalis corymbosa) were performed at 30°C. The results indicated that the net biogas production of the experimental group during total fermentation time of 50 days was 3220 ml. Further, it was calculated that the biogas yield of Oxalis corymbosa was 338ml/g TS or 388ml/g VS. The result indicated that Oxalis corymbosa can be used for biogas fermentation and the fermentation production potential was good.

Abstract: The essence of the two phase anaerobic biological treatment process is to place acid bacteria and methane-producing bacteria in two reactors respectively, where it can provide the optimal conditions for their growth and metabolism, allowing them to live up to their maximal activity, which greatly improve processing capacity and efficiency compared to a single-phase anaerobic digestion. The paper start with the two phase anaerobic digestion process, in order to discuss the development direction of high efficient anaerobic digestion system.

Abstract: The suitable ratio between swine manure and hyacinth for biogas production was considered. From Ratchaburi Province, the swine manure and hyacinth were taken from the pig farm and natural canal, respectively. For this study, mixing ratios between swine manure with hyacinth are 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0, considered by dry basis. The anaerobic digesters were studied total mixing volume 300 ml in 500 ml volumetric flask on shaker. Total dry substrate is 2 g every ratio, swine manure and hyacinth. And microbial inoculum from pig farm is 3 g (dry basis). The experimental results showed the proportion of 0:100 illustrate the maximum quantity of biogas accumulated equal 243.48 ml. And the ratio of 100:0 shows the minimum cumulative biogas volume equal 33.60 ml. The analysis of the gas production, the blend of swine manure per hyacinth has the highest percentage of methane ratio is 0:100 (CH₄=6.4%), and the lowest percentage is the ratio of 100:0 (CH₄=0.5 %). For carbon dioxide production, the highest percentage of carbon dioxide is ratio of 0:100 (CO₂=4.1 %) and the lowest is ratio 100:0 (CO₂=0.9 %). Percentage of methane to compare with total percentage of methane and carbon dioxide has the highest percentage is the ratio of 25:75 (CH₄=63.9 %), and the lowest percentage is the ratio of 100:0 (CH₄=35.7 %). The highest to compare the lowest, percentage of methane per total percentage of methane and carbon dioxide is percentage of methane ratio 25:75 more than ratio 100:0 is 1.79.

Abstract: Experiments on combustion characteristics of cellulose, xylan and lignin have been done conducted on Pyris1 TGA thermograyimetric analyzer (PE/USA) at different heating rates. The results show that: combustion of cellulose was mainly concentrated in a low temperature range, xylan has two obvious weight loss peaks, while the lignin combustion mainly concentrated in a high temperature coke combustion process.

Abstract: The thermal gasification characteristics of biomass straw would be studied with thermo gravimetric (TG), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is used for the real-time monitoring on gasification products during biomass pyrolysis. By the method of thermo gravimetric analyzer combined with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy experiment. Pyrolysis characteristics and products of biomass straw were experimental explored and analyzed to get pyrolysis characteristics of experimental samples and reaction products, which provided based professional information for effective utilization of biomass straw.

Abstract: The combination of biomass gasification and molten carbonate fuel/micro-gas turbine (MCFC/MGT) hybrid system offers great potential as a future sustainable power generation system. A numerical model of a 100 kW classic MCFC/MGT hybrid system using biomass syngas as fuel has been developed. The simulation was performed to investigate the influence of operation conditions and the syngas compositions on the system performance. The results show that the MCFC/MGT can keep its performance when using syngas gas as fuel which confirms the feasibility of biomass gasification-MCFC/MGT hybrid system. According to the simulation results, the increase of MGT pressure ration and MCFC inlet temperature positively affects the system performance, the fluctuation of syngas composition has little effects on the system.

Abstract: With the renewable energy more and more get people's attention, biogas power generation system will have a good hair development prospect. Dafeng city haifeng dairy farm biogas power generation project success running showed that biogas power generation has a certain application prospect, and the use of marsh fertilizer is an important approach to improve the running efficiency of biogas engineering.