Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: A large amount of waste heat is generated in the oil extraction process when using steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology. Thermal distillation technology is recommended to deal with the Liaohe Oilfield sewage. It not only can utilize the low-grade energy source, but also can recover the water to settle the water shortage problem. The principles and processes of multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and vapor compression (VC) are introduced, and the tech-economic analysis is also made. It is found that it has significant advantage in heat and water recovery using the MED technology to deal with the Liaohe Oilfield sewage.

Abstract: Waste steel-pickling sulphuric acid was treated by freezing crystallization acid retardation coupling technology. Under the optimal conditions(temperature was -5 °C, rotational speed was 4000 rpm, TulsionA-32 as Acid Retardation reagent), the concentration of sulfuric acid reached 20～25 % and the concentration of FeSO4·7H2O fell to 15～20 g/L in the waste steel-pickling sulphuric acid which achieved the standard for sulfuric acid reuse. Polymeric ferric sulfate prepared by recyclable ferrous sulfate was accord with the first type of standard water clarfying agent polymer ferric sulfate(GB14591-2006)．

Abstract: Nine wastewater samples of waste transfer stations had been gathered and analysis in Guilin city. The results indicate that all sewage belongs to high concentration organic wastewater originating from the waste transfer stations. The average value of wastewater’s COD is 5759mg/L and the maximum value is nearly 28000 mg/L. Its organic pollutants are mainly related to the residues of animals and plants. The content of lead(Pb), Chromium (Cr) and other toxic heavy metals in the wastewater could be 10 times higher than emissions standards, and especially total phosphorus’(TP) content could reach to more than 20 times of discharge standard. In order to protect the environmental quality in the vicinity of them and normally operating of the urban sewage treatment plants, it is necessary that these wastewater should be treated alone. A proposal is that integrated equipment should be made by using some technologies combined biology with membrane separation. Through disperse treatment by the equipment, urban sewage transfer stations could be reused or discharged on standard.

Abstract: This article studied the dehydration effect of elutriation sludge produced in the process of cultivating aerobic granular sludge, which is a joint regulation of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and modified coal fly ash, using sludge specific resistance(SRF) and moisture content of sludge extent as the target. The results show that the greater the relative molecular weight, the better effect is. CPAM whose relative molecular weight is 8 million is the best type when solo casted. When casted by15 mg/L, SRF is reduced to 0.43×108 S2/g, The 1 g/L coal fly ash and 15 mg/L 8 million CPAM joint control, SRF is reduced to 0.4×108 S2/g, moisture content is 72.04%. When using modified coal fly ash, the result is better. Modified coal fly ash can effectively promote the efficiency of CPAM as the coagulant aid. It can further reduce SRF and moisture content of the sludge. We can observe the effects modified coal fly ash joint CPAM has on elutriation sludge morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Abstract: Kawasaki city, which has over 30 years experience in environmental protection and waste disposal, has formed a complete waste treatment process. This process, including separate collection, processing, reuse and incineration, etc. has improved the Kawasaki environment a lot. This paper outlines the present situation and characteristics of the Kawasaki Municipal Waste Management, and comparatively analyzes management situation and existing problems of Beijing. Then the paper puts forward some suggestions for the household waste management innovation.

Abstract: The quantum chemistry is a kind of efficient theoretical research methodology; it has become an important foundation and core technology to the computational materials science. The researches of melting mechanism, doping mechanism, mechanism of hydration activity can be used in the related areas of stabilization of heavy metal by cement. Density functional theory is reviewed in the study of the affective mechanism of cement hydration activity and the intensity of hydration by heavy metal, the mechanism of fixating heavy metals by mineral and the mechanism of lowering melting temperature. It is considered that quantum chemistry can be used to make a simulation at the micro level to explore the mechanism of cement-enclosed heavy metals and has a perfect theoretical guiding significance for further research.

Abstract: Based on the static composting process of municipal sewage sludge, the parameters of the treatment process were studied, including moisture, temperature, pH, organic matter, total phosphorus, the number of bacterial and GI(Germination Index). The decomposition of organic matter and phosphorus concentration were obvious and the amount of bacteria varied regularly. After the composting, pH, water contend, organic matter and GI all met Disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant-Control standard for agricultural use.

Abstract: In order to reduce odor emissions such as NH₃ and H₂S, this study designed experiments to investigate the effects of bentonite and β-cyclodextrin on producing and releasing H₂S and NH₃ during kitchen waste composting. All experiments were performed in simulated composting device. The results showed that the productions of H₂S were reduced by 16.4% and 13.7% for the treatments of 2% and 3% that compared to addition 1% bentonite, the productions of NH₃ were reduced by 0.1% and 54.8% for the treatments of 1% and 3% that compared to 2% bentonite addition. For the treatments of β-cyclodextrin addition, the productions of H₂S were reduced by 33.9% and 31.0% for the treatments of 1% and 2% that compared to addition 3% β-cyclodextrin, the productions of NH₃ were reduced by 30.8% and 23.5% for the treatments of 1% and 3% that compared to 2% β-cyclodextrin addition. After integrating the reduction of NH₃ and H₂S emission, 3% bentonite and 1% β-cyclodextrin addition are the preferred during kitchen waste composting. Compared with bentonite and β-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin is the better additive for the odor control during kitchen waste composting.

Abstract: This paper studies the effects of calcium oxide and iron oxide in municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash on the melting temperature of fly ash by using different samples. In addition, this paper also studied the variation of fly ash melting temperature in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere by experiment.

Abstract: This paper aims at comprehensively considering the mutual coupling between available water resources and water consumption in (i) a regional social economy system; (ii) a macro-economy system; and (iii) an ecological environmental system. The main focus is to investigate the impact of controlling the total amount of ET and to be able to utilize water resources efficiently. An analytic model for multi-objective decision making of water demand management based on ET indicator is developed in order to research the strategies and corresponding water demand schemes that are relevant to future objectives for economic development, agricultural development, ET regulation and control, water engineering investment, and water environment management of Beijing. Various scenarios examined in the study indicate the validity of the proposed method in analyzing water demand administrative decisions.