Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: In order to make use of the flood utilization in a more scientific, reasonable, safety and effective way, the author has taken the flood resources as an effective utilizable resource for regional ecological compensation and carried out the research on its function mechanism, the compensation mode and effect according to the principle avoiding risk and playing interests. Based on the full-process analysis and benefits' quantitative calculation, this essay has drawn the flow process of the flood utilization from the source to the end for different utilization mode (such as reservoir, pond, wetland, irrigation area utilization, etc.), carrying out the benefits' quantitative calculation after the benefits identification. Meanwhile, the author has analyzed the ecological compensation effect, making clear the principle and the corresponding quantitative relations between flood utilization mode and ecological compensation effect, which has laid the basis for seeking the most scientific & reasonable ecological compensation mode for flood utilization.

Abstract: Constructing a scientific, reasonable, all-encompassing, and representative-strong index system is an important premise and guarantee for the good embankment-safety-evaluation of Yellow River. Therefore, the embankment safety-influencing-factor identification has been raised based on consequence-reverse-diffusion method, which can be used to seek the main factors leading to accidents by reverse-thinking and reverse-diffusion way. The main factors which lead to the embankment accident shall be found out according to the accident form, then spreading to the specific influence-factor. As a result, the author has made a classification and extraction for the identified safety-influence-factors, and constructed the optional index-set and index-system for the Yellow River embankment-safety-evaluation after analyzing the content of the safety-influence-factors, which has laid a solid foundation for further embankment safety assessment for the Yellow River embankment construction.

Abstract: Proxy data, measured data and historical records were assembled to study the drought events response features in the mountain area of Haihe Basin. Tree-ring width data (proxy) and historical records were used to analyze the response features of drought events to proxy. Meteorological data was introduced to calculate relative humidity index to raise the accuracy rate of tree-ring width indexs indication to drought event. Hydrological data was introduced to calculate runoff departure percentage to verify the conclusion that precipitation is the main factor affecting the tree-ring width of Chinese pine in Xiaowutai Mountain.

Abstract: Three-diversions is the only channel of the runoff between the Yangtze River and Donting Lake. So it is meaningful to study the variation of runoff and the causes of such change in three diversions. By accumulative anomaly analysis method, the changing of runoff and the inflection points are analyzed. The results show the runoff decreases in the recent 60years and the inflection point was in the late 1960s and early 1970s. And then the comparative method of the slope changing ratio of accumulative quantity is used to compute the contribution rates of each factor to the runoff variation. The results show the precipitation is significant to the runoff variation, and the contribution rates of hydraulic engineering increased first, then decreased and tends to be stable.

Abstract: Water scarcity has become a bottleneck that restricts the sustainable economic and social development of China Shandong Province. This paper analyzes the carrying capacity, development and utilization, and problems of water resources in Shandong Province, proposes ways to improve water resources carrying capacity, and builds a sustainable and balanced water resources security system for the construction of Bohai Economic Rim, to promote coordinated development between water resources and economy, society and environment.

Abstract: On the basis of the geology and hydrogeology, a three-dimensional numerical groundwater model in the study area was developed to evaluate the deep groundwater resources and avoid the groundwater level declining. According to the long-term water supply plan, water resources characteristics and exploitation status quo of Huantai county, three kinds of groundwater utilization scheme had been designed. The best sustainable groundwater exploitation scheme is determined by using the numerical model to simulate three kinds of mining schemes and analyze the corresponding groundwater flow field. The result shows that maintaining the status quo mining conditions will make the groundwater level decline further. Only reducing industrial exploitation and keeping domestic water mining can improve the conditions, but still difficult to solve the problem. The aim of utilization of deep groundwater can achieve only by reducing disordered water exploitation for production and living.

Abstract: Set pair potential, indicates an identical-discrepancy-contrary trend of two sets discussed in the case of specific problems. This trend can show weak tendency of regional water environmental system vulnerability, consequently set pair potential has been used to analyze its driving factors. In traditional set pair, contrary degree is restricted since that contrary degree does not vanish is the necessary condition by definition, as a result that traditional set pair potential does not have general validity. Therefore taking advantage of exponential function to improve the traditional set pair potential, and a new definition of set pair exponential potential was proposed. Then an analysis model of driving factors of regional water environmental system vulnerability was established based on this new potential and the model was used to analyze the factors in Anhui province, China. Some results have been obtained that the driving factors of water environmental system vulnerability in Anhui province mainly include: degree of regional development level, per capita water resources, marsh area ratio, soil erosion area ratio, industrial wastewater standard discharge rate and the ratio of investment in water environmental governance (protection) to GDP_.

Abstract: In allusion to mining design of succedent filling method on heavy-water deposit of Nanlizhuang iron ore, based on engineering geology, hydrogeological conditions of the mining area are studied. Through geological structure, strata and deposit hydrogeological condition were surveyed, analyzed source of water filling and main way of the ore deposit, and determined hydrogeology parameters of the mining area. It provided the theoretical basis for mining design and water inflow forecast, and will lay the foundation for safety production and production capacity of the mine.

Abstract: To mitigate possible negative impacts of cascade dams in the Lower Jinsha River and maintain the natural flow regime of national natural reserve areas of rare and special fishes of the upper Yangtze River, environmental flow (e-flow) demands need to be considered in the cascade dams operation. Due to lack of regular ecological observation data, multiple hydrology-based e-flow methods including Tennant, minimum monthly flow, 7Q10 and Q₉₀ are applied to provide specific e-flow prescripts to guide the reservoir release. A joint operation optimization model is developed for the cascade dams in the Lower Jinsha River for maximal hydropower generation under various e-flow constraints. The economic and ecological performances of cascade dams operation are evaluated by total hydropower outputs and hydrological alteration degree of downstream river individually. The operation results are analyzed and discussed, and some questions on the tradeoff relationship between ecology and hydropower generation, inherent relationship between ecological constrains and hydrological alteration, and rationality criteria of e-flow are further addressed. The conclusions indicate : (1) optimal operation for ecological considerations under e-flow constrains only reduce hydropower outputs slightly, no more than 2.4%; (2) e-flow constrains help lower hydrological alteration induced by hydropower dams, among the four e-flow methodologies Tennant is best in term of ecology; (3) there is a limitation for hydrology-based e-flow methodologies, and it is necessary to stress ecological foundation and ecological relevance for e-flow methodology. The paper will provide technical references for future ecological re-operation of the cascade dams.

Abstract: The SWAT model and GIS technique were applied to calculate the runoff in the Ma River basin, Vietnam. The study focused on assessing the influence of herbage coverage to runoff formation process. In this integration, GIS supplies SWAT input data included elevation, soil properties, land use and weather data and creates graphical user interface, while SWAT operates input data, delineates watershed, simulates different physical processes, displays output data as runoff. Based on the model testing and parameter calibrating, two scenarios of decreasing and increasing 30% of forest coverage are built to assess the impact to runoff changing. The results have important guiding significance for the planning, management and sustainable utilization of river basin water resources.