Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: Based on the long-term experimental field of Jilin Agricultural University as a platform. Aiming at groping for the influence of long-term fertilized of the acidity changes on soil in research area. The results show that: compared with CK group. The soil pH declined as a result of applying nitrogenous fertilizer chronically. Instead the content of exchangeable acid, exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum increased. The content of soil organic matters reduced with the decrease of soil pH application of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer could achieve the same objective. But the Influence was not as significant as the one fertilized with N.

Abstract: In this paper, a technology of ecological slope protection with aqueous polymer soil stabilizers is introduced. A clayey soil slope located in the Nanjing Pukou area in China is taken as a test field and a kind of aqueous polymer soil stabilizer, namely STW, are used. STW is developed by the research group of authors. The test field is divided into four regions based on the slope gradient, and one of regions, as a contrasting area, is no any soil stabilizer. The implementing process of this technology is also presented. The field test indicates that STW polymer soil stabilizer are very effective for improving the water-stability and anti-erosion of the soil slope and promoting the vegetation growth on the slope and is worth popularizing for water-soil prevention in the slope areas due to its simple implementation, low cost and ecological protection effect. Finally, the ecological slope protection mechanism of the aqueous polymer soil stabilizers is discussed.

Abstract: There are a series problems that are caused by the complex geological and various types of foundation soil of the canal during the excavation process in the first stage of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, such as the different strength of the same rock, especially the undulating boundary of the rocks and the varying buried depth. The author made a detail research on the spatial distribution of the basic rocks and the calculation for the volume of the excavation to save the problems and calculate the excavation volume of the rocks with different strength, also the cross and vertical method were used to provide the necessary technology data and a technology support for planning and programming of project construction.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate soil aggregate stability within landscape on hillslopes by intensive tillage. Traditional tillage by consecutive hoeing was performed 5 and 20 times on steeply sloping land of the Sichuan Basin, China, by using the methods of simulated tillage to analyze the impact of long-term tillage on soil aggregates at different slope positions. The dry-sieved method was used to determine distribution of aggregate size in the different landscape positions, and mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) as indices of soil aggregate stability. The different times of tillage resulted in different soil aggregate distributions. The results showed that the MWD and GMD values of aggregates were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after 20-tillage operation, compared with pre-tillage operation. The differences in distributions of MWD and GMD demonstrate that the choice of the tillage times can be an important factor in changing soil aggregate stability and productivity in steeply sloping fields.

Abstract: Aiming at the randomicity of rainfall and evapotranspiration in the formulation of crop irrigation schemes, the precipitation and evapotranspiration were randomly treated, and simulated using random hydrology methods based on time series. The simulated values were used into the water balance equation so as to determine the irrigation time and amount. Compared with the measured sequence, the result indicates that the simulated values and actual values fit well. It can provide a reference for the scientific crop irrigation schemes.

Abstract: Based on the conception of DPSIR model, in according with the principle of corresponding, 5 factors, the driving force, pressure, state, impact and response are selected the evaluation index of comprehensive benefit of water and soil conservation in 20 coal mining areas. When starting from connotation of the comprehensive benefit of water and soil conservation in coal mining areas, experts grading method is used to select 15 basic indicators and to build the framework of evaluation index system of comprehensive benefit of water and soil conservation in coal mining areas. Using the method of AHP, the weight is confirmed among each subsystem and index (from the subsystem). Then the evaluation index weight system of comprehensive benefit of water and soil conservation in coal mining areas is finally calculated. The guidance of the evaluation of comprehensive benefit of water and soil conservation in coal mining areas could be provided in the future.

Abstract: The study investigated the vertical distribution of soil microorganism on Caragana rhizosphere at Hobq of ORDOS. The result showed that microbial vertical distribution was obvious. The order of vertical distribution in number of aerobic bacteria were 0-10cm>20-30cm>10-20cm>30-40cm, and there were significant differences between microorganisms in 0-10cm, 10-20cm and 30-40cm underground; the number of aerobic bacteria in 0-10cm underground was higher than 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm by 1.48,1.41 and 1.86. The order of vertical distribution in number of fungi were 0-10cm>10-20cm>20-30cm>30-40cm, and there were significant differences between 0-10 cm and 20-30cm、30-40cm, and between 10-20 cm and 20-30cm、30-40cm. the number of fungi in 0-10cm underground was higher than 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm by 1.01, 3.60 and 5.37. The order of vertical distribution in number of Actinomycetes was 0-10cm>10-20cm>20-30cm>30-40cm, and the differences between 0-10 cm and 10-20cm, 20-30cm, 30-40cm were significant; the number of Actinomycetes in 0-10cm underground was higher than 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm by 1.54,1.66 and 2.60. The distribution and quantity of soil microorganisms might be influenced by organic matter contents.

Abstract: To reflect the water quality status of Danjiangkou reservoir tributaries, identify the main pollution factors, and compare pollution degree between tributaries. Principal component analysis (PCA) method is used to assess and explicate research task with annual mean values for 11 main water quality indicators of 16 priority tributaries measured in 2013. The results show that: The main pollution factors of Danjiangkou reservoir are oxygen-consuming pollutants and heavy metal, and the former is the dominant one. Shending, Sihe, Jianghe, Jianhe and Danjiang are heavily-polluted tributaries while Duhe, Jiangjun, Taogou, Hanjiang and Taohe are lightly-polluted tributaries.

Abstract: Two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were used to immobilize the lead in contaminated soil using the selective sequential extraction methods to detect the chemical forms of lead. The results showed that PSB 3-5-1-1 had higher ability of Pb immobilization compared with ID-a .The beat remediation efficiency could be obtained when pH is 6.

Abstract: The intelligent water-saving valve without power supply is an equipment characterized by high automation, low costs and controlling without power supply, which is targeted to solve problems of water-saving irrigation equipment all around the world. To make this valve apply in production and irrigation better, this paper does research on transmission rate of moisture between humidity sensitive materials and external environment, and illustrates three rules: (1) For different types of soil, the fastest transmission rate of moisture between humidity sensitive materials and soil could be found in sand and the slowest one in clay. (2) For different ratios of humidity sensitive materials, the material water-absorption ratio performs faster when ratio is 1:1 than 1:3; and material water-loss ratio performs slower when ratio is 1:1 than 1:3. (3) For whether humidity sensitive materials contact with air or not, the transmission rate is faster when contacting with air.