Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: At present, there is more storm waterlogging in our urban, one of the main reasons is that there are many disadvantages in rainwater pipe network design, this paper in the pipe network design must be reasonable to determine the ground water runoff coefficient, The ground water time, reduction coefficient, catchment area and position and quantity of gully according to the measured data, and appropriately increasing the recurrence interval according to the actual in engineering, hydraulic calculation as much as possible to select data sets larger diameter, accurate calculation time of flow, to reduce the urban storm waterlogging fundamentally.

Abstract: Currently, the mine water inflow is often forecasted by using the large diameter well method, but under complicated hydrogeological conditions where Dupuit well flow formula is not suitable, the said method is not applicable. The paper takes an example of the water inflow forecast of Chaokewula Coal Mine and discusses the solution of adopting the numerical simulation software Visual Modflow: the simulation scope is defined by analyzing the hydrogeological conditions of Chaokewula Coal Mine to set a mathematical model that fits the actual situation. The model can be identified and verified based on the set model boundary conditions, model spatial discretization, initial conditions and simulation period. Forecast the water inflow of each working face in 30 years by using the underground water numerical simulation software Visual MODFLOW so as to provide a basis for the stability estimation of the mines power plant water supply. Keywords: Numerical Simulation, Water Inflow, Power Plant Water Supply

Abstract: This paper mainly reviews the regulations, laws and policies on Post-project Environmental Appraisals of dam projects formulated in the world. In addition, handbooks and guidelines for PPEA were also collected and analyzed from evaluation contents, procedures, methods and latest approaches. International experiences were listed and defragged to compare with China, suggestions were given to complete Chinese EIA and PPEA system.

Abstract: The study offers a detailed explanation of performance, origin and classification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The paper also overviews the current status in applying POPs in foam concentrates and its test method in China. The author indicates that to test perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) in foam concentrates involves two steps, pretreatment and test. Provided the test equipment is of high reliability and validity, test result solely depends on the result of pretreatment.

Abstract: The basis of analysis of the ecological health of the river is taken into account, including water quantity, water quality, riparian zone, the physical structure of organisms and other elements to explore a new method based on factor analysis of river ecosystem health. 21 typical reaches along villages of Tang River in Beijing are measured using the method of 17 indexes system to analyze the index relevance for Tang River ecosystem health. The results showed that midstream of Tang River ecological health relevant factors are riverbed, water and biological effects, water quality, water-soil interaction, the downstream river bank only have slope factor, and significantly related reaches are distributed in water and biological effects, heart beach shape, river curvature, slope degree more. The evaluation results raised the indexes and reach affecting river ecological condition, to provide scientific guidance for the ecological restoration of Tang River (Beijing Reach).

Abstract: By combining thin-section description, minerals analysis, Ar-ion milling, FESEM and EDX, this article identifies and documents a variety of pore types in Weibei shales. These pores can be classified into three categories as interparticle pores, intraparticle pores and organic-matters intraparticle pores. Although with different shapes and origins, they are all large enough to store gas molecules. Moreover, some types of pores have favorable connectivity with others, thus providing permeability pathways for migration of hydrocarbon molecules.

Abstract: Experiment was executed to plant Bromus inermis artificially in the degraded ecosystem, and study effect of grass planting on vegetation restoration. The results indicated that natural vegetation restored rapidly in the degraded ecosystem in two years after grass planted. But species diversity changed little in the early period of vegetation restoration, while vegetation biomass, coverage and anti-interference improved quickly. In addition, species number and important value of perennial grasses increased while those of annual grasses decreased. Then community composition with annual plants mainly changed gradually into that with perennial plants mainly after Bromus inermis planted. However, overground biomass and coverage of restored vegetation and dominance of Bromus inermis planted decreased after vegetation cut once a year. And species diversity and important value of annual grasses increased. Thus it could be good for uniformity of species distribution and stability of community composition and structure to develop.

Abstract: The effect of water vapor on NO reduction by iron was experimentally investigated at 300-1100 °C in an electrically heated ceramic tubular flow reactor in N₂ atmosphere. The component changes of iron samples after reaction were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that water vapor reacted as oxidizer and the metallic iron was oxidized by both NO and water vapor. Compared to the result without water, NO reduction efficiency decreased when water vapor was added. NO reduction efficiency reached 88.1%, 91.6%, 94.8% above 900 °C in the presence of 2.5%, 5%, 7% water vapor. NO reduction efficiency decreased as the water vapor increased at lower temperature, e.g., 700°C, while decreased slightly first then increased again at higher temperature, e.g., above 800°C. As water vapor increased, the iron was oxidized to Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃ and the surface of iron became more porous, which benefited the diffusion of NO and/or vapor into the inner of the iron to continue the reaction and resulted in the increased NO reduction. The mechanism was preliminarily analyzed.

Abstract: An electrolytic simulation experiment was designed according to the water and electricity resembling principle. The pressure contour distribution and the effects of the productivity of the fractured horizontal well were experimentally studied under the flooding. The equal pressure lines around horizontal wells were elliptic, and the equal pressure lines were Parallelled distribution in the fracture of horizontal well, Flow states was unidirectional flow, indicating staged fracturing of horizontal well by improving Percolation way greatly reduce seepage resistance. Under the experimental conditions, staged fracturing horizontal waterflooding development best combination of parameters: row and staggered well pattern, penetration ratio of horizontal section was 0.8, the number of fractures should be 6 (fracture space was 91m), penetration ratio of fracture was 0.25, the angle between the fracture and horizontal well is 90 degree. The importance ranking of productivity was horizontal length, the number of fractures (fracture space ),fracture length, he angle between the fracture and horizontal well and well-pattern type.

Abstract: Runoff and soil loss affect both farmland productivity and environmental quality. This study tested the interaction effects among polyacrylamide (PAM) application rate, PAM molecular weight, and slope gradient on runoff and soil loss under simulated sprinkler irrigation in laboratory. Experimental treatments consisted of four PAM application rates of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g m^-2, two PAM molecular weights of 12 and 18 Mg mol^-1, and three slope gradients of 5^o, 15^o, and 25^o. Results indicated that compared with the control treatment, PAM application generally decreased total runoff volume but increased soil loss. Total runoff volume and soil loss increased with the increased PAM application rate. Under control treatment, total runoff volume increased with the increased slope gradient. However, total runoff volume was similar for different slope gradients when PAM application rates were 0.5 and 1.0 g m^-2, but it decreased with the increased slope gradient when PAM application rate was 2.0 g m^-2. Total soil loss increased with the increase of slope gradient under experimental conditions. Polyacrylamide molecular weight did not affect total runoff volume but did soil loss significantly at P < 0.001, and a high PAM molecular weight resulted in less soil loss than a low one did. Statistical analysis demonstrated that there existed a significant interaction effect at P < 0.001 between PAM application rate and soil slope gradient on runoff volume and soil loss. The interaction effects between PAM molecular weight and slope gradient or among PAM application rate, PAM molecular weight, and slope gradient on soil loss were also significant at P < 0.01. A PAM application rate less than 2 g m^-2 is suggested to control water and soil loss on sloped lands under sprinkler irrigation.