Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: Rapid progress of crop genomics is making possible to undertake detailed structural and functional comparisons of genes involved in various biological processes among important crops and other plant species. These genomics-based approaches aim to decipher the entire genome, including genic and intergenic regions, to gain insights into plant molecular responses which will in turn provide specific strategies for crop improvement,especially in abiotic stresses. The objectives of this article are to review genomics approaches in crop resources and summarize to improve abiotic stresses by genomics. At last, we look forward and consider the significant of genomics approaches for abiotic stress in crop resources.

Abstract: In order to study the effect of tillage method, sowing date and plant density on population physiological index and morphological trait on maize, a split-plot experiment was carried out. Main plot was tillage method with two levels (conventional tillage vs. deep loosing tillage). The subplots were planting date (25th April, 10th May and 25th May) and density (45 000 plants ha^-1, 67 500 plant ha^-1, 90 000 plant ha^-1). Results showed that deep loosing could retard the decrease of leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and dry matter accumulation (DM). Moreover, it was benefit for growth and development after florescence. Significant difference in planting date treatments demonstrated that early sowing was better than medium and late sowing. During reproductive stage, delay in planting decreased the LAI by 12.52%. With density increased, population physiological index raised.

Abstract: Temperature affects many soil biochemical and geochemical processes. The growth of plants, seed germination, circulations of carbon and nitrogen are all significantly influenced by soil temperature, thus it is important to estimate the spatial pattern of soil temperature. This paper shows the results of spatial patterns of mean annual soil temperature interpolated from the measurements of 698 meteorological stations in China. Four geostatistical methods, ordinary kriging (OK), regression kriging with mean annual air temperature (RK-1), regression kriging with latitude, longitude and elevation (RK-2) and regression kriging with multi-auxiliary predictors (RK-3), were compared. Ordinary kriging (OK) directly interpolated the mean annual soil temperature data extracted from meteorological stations to obtain the spatial patterns of the mean annual soil temperature. For the three regression kriging methods, intensive auxiliary variables (mean annual air temperature, elevation, latitude and longitude), which were correlated with mean annual soil temperature, were used to increase the accuracy of estimation. The results suggested that RK-3 preformed best, followed by RK-1 and RK-2. The intensive data of auxiliary variables used in the regression kriging significantly improved the accuracy of interpolation results.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the long-terms (from 1987 to 2010) land desertification in Wuliangsu Lake by interpreting TM images in 1987, 2000 and 2010, and then the land desertification information divided into five different levels by Albedo-NDVI feature space, these five levels represent the different desertification land covering types. Also we explored the change trend among different types of land desertification though the adoption of Markov model, the results suggests that there is a significant increasing of extremely serious desertification land from 1987 to 2000, which indicates the deterioration of environmental conditions during this period. While, there is a significant decreasing of extremely serious desertification land, moderate desertification land and weak desertification land, which indicates the amelioration of environmental conditions during this period from 2000 to 2010.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the land use and land cover change (LUCC) of Wuliangsu Lake by interpreting Landsat5 TM images of 1987, 2000 and 2010. In the first stage (1987-2000), the area of mobile sandy land increased significantly, which signed that the environment of Wuliangsu Lake got worse. On the contrary, in the second stage (2000-2010), over 50% of mobile sandy land transformed into fixed sandy land. In addition, grassland gained a large percent from fixed sandy land and swamp. All of these changes signed that the environment of Wuliangsu Lake got better. In the two stages, the area of residential area and farmland increased obviously, large amount of grassland, swamp and fixed sandy land were converted into farmland, so we can predict that the main reason for land use changes in Wuliangsu Lake is agricultural development.

Abstract: Inner Mongolia is one of the most typical and severe dry provinces, drought is it’s main meteorological disasters. Remote sensing monitoring becomes irreplaceable effective means in the regional drought monitoring and drought mechanism research with the advantages of macro, rapid, objective, dynamic and real time. Inner Mongolia region is vast and flat, so suitable for carrying out the regional drought monitoring research with remote sensing technology. Application of meteorological drought indices and historical documents for drought monitoring and study is relatively more. However application of remote sensing technology for drought monitoring in Inner Mongolia is at the beginning stage of development. Further study and exploration is urgently needed. In this paper research work of application of remote sensing approach in drought monitoring in Inner Mongolia is summarized and existing problems are pointed out. Finally give some suggestions for the application of remote sensing technology in the drought monitoring in Inner Mongolia.

Abstract: Based on the systematic fieldwork and the sampling of soil and corn, this paper studied the geochemical characteristic and the characteristic of total and available Ni in black soil and corn and the effects on them by the geochemical methods and SPSS software. The aim was to show the characteristic of Ni transformation and accumulation through soil-crop continuum and the influencing factors for food security. The results showed that total Ni in black soil of Jilin Province are above Jilin and national background level, the content of Ni is keeping the natural background in black soil in Jilin province. The influence of human activities in this district till now is comparatively less. The transformation degree of available Ni is relatively high. The degree of Ni accumulation in corn is low. The total Ni in soil have controlled effect on the available Ni, and the total Cu, Cr, Zn and the available Cr play a significant role in Ni transformation. The slight acid soil is better for Ni transformation and accumulation.

Abstract: Quality of soil reconstruction is directly related to the vegetation recovery of opencast coal mine in loess area, therefore, research on soil properties of land reclamation has a very important role in mine ecological recovery. Based on an reclamation open coal mine dump loess area as the research area, semi-variance function as the basic tools, combined with traditional statistics and geo-statistics method, with statistical module of arcgis10.0, was applied to study the spatial variability of 0 ~ 40cm soil granules in early stage of reclamation, and using ordinary kriging method to draw the spatial distribution map of different particle size of soil granules. Results show that: (1) in early stage of reclamation, between 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm the component characteristic of different size of soil granules was similar, the average of silt content was all highest in the whole research region .(2) through the semi-variance function fitting, the theory model of semi-variogram of clay accord with spherical model, the semi-variance function of silt content in 0 ~ 20 cm level in line with the spherical model, in the 20 ~ 40 cm accord with the exponential model, the semi-variance model of sand in 0 ~ 20 cm fit with the spherical model, in the 20 ~ 40 cm semi-variance function in line with the exponential model, different size of soil granules content has spatial auto-correlation in a certain range, showing that has a medium spatial correlation. (3) the map can reveals the spatial distribution of soil granules in different levels, in 0 ~ 20 cm, on the horizontal direction of silt content in the high value area in the study area corresponds to the sand content is low in the area, both of them have good complementary, and in the vertical direction different soil granules content in the spatial distribution has no obvious regularity. This study can provide certain reference for loess area land reclamation of soil profile reconstruction and soil fertilization and amelioration.

Abstract: The ecological environment in Hotan area had been remained a prominent issue , as the most important factor among ecological environment, the vulnerability of water resource in Hotan area is going to be affected by the vulnerability of the ecological environment. This paper established the Pressure-State-Response model (PSR), made an assessment on the vulnerability of water resource in Hotan area with comprehensive index method, and the study shows that between 2004-2007 in Hotan area, the state of the water resource vulnerability was getting better; and after 2007, the vulnerability of water resource was getting serious. Under the current state, the industrial waste water treatment, agricultural water-saving, control of water and soil loss are all significant approaches to eliminate the vulnerability of water resource in south of Xin Jiang.

Abstract: As an economic development area, Kashgar’s water resource bearing capacity had become the key of the development on economy and society. In the view of comprehensive systematic theory, this paper, based on the theory of resource factor flow, adopted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to establish a comprehensive index evaluation model of water resource bearing capacity. Finally, this paper proposed the factors’ extent of the impact on water resource capacity in Kashgar area.