Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: A hyper-spectral remote sensing instrument AVIRIS was used to map lithology. Ground measurement data of lithology from ASTER Spectral Library were used to analyze the characters of the spectrum and form the model to estimate the type of lithologies. we process the spectrum with the methods of spectral angle mapping, and spectral absorption index etc. To enhance the significance of the spectrum character, we used the methods of spectral angle mapping, and spectral absorption index etc to process the spectrum. An AVIRIS data covers the Cuprite mining district in western Nevada, USA was used to do the experiment, result shows that the lithologies got from the AVIRIS have a high consistence with groud measurement.

Abstract: Based on the Landsat TM images of the Yellow River Delta from 2002 to 2013, the coastlines before and after water and sediment regulation in each year were extracted by the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) with RS and GIS software. The dynamic changes of coastlines were analyzed in combination with the conditions of water and sediment regulation. The results show that the coastlines were generally pushed ahead though it changed ahead and back alternately in the past decade. The coastline near the estuary changed more obviously than other area. There is a positive linear relationship between the rate of the coastline pushing ahead and the ratio of the water and sediment quantity discharged into the sea in this region.

Abstract: This study projects the future extreme climate changes over Huang-Huai-Hai (3H) region in China using a regional climate model (RegCM4). The RegCM4 performs well in “current” climate (1970-1999) simulations by compared with the available surface station data, focusing on near-surface air temperature and precipitation. Future climate changes are evaluated based on experiments driven by European-Hamburg general climate model (ECHAM5) in A1B future scenario (2070-2099). The results show that the annual temperature increase about 3.4 °C-4.2 °C and the annual precipitation increase about 5-15% in most of 3H region at the end of 21^st century. The model predicts a generally less frost days, longer growing season, more hot days, no obvious change in heat wave duration index, larger maximum five-day rainfall, more heavy rain days, and larger daily rainfall intensity. The results indicate a higher risk of floods in the future warmer climate. In addition, the consecutive dry days in Huai River Basin will increase, indicating more serve drought and floods conditions in this region.

Abstract: Based on the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and GIS technology, the spatial differences of the rural economic development level of Qinhuangdao city was investigated by adopting the rural resident’s per capita net income data at town level in Qinhuangdao city from 2007 to 2011. The results of global Moran’s I value for rural resident’s per capita net income at town level showed that there existed significant positive spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial aggregation in the spatial distribution of rural resident’s per capita net income. However, the global Moran’s I value showed a decreasing trend during 2007 to 2011, indicating an enlarged spatial disparity of rural economy at the town level. The results of the Moran scatter plots and LISA cluster maps of 2007 and 2011 showed that most of towns were characterized by positive local spatial association , ie. They were located in the HH or the LL quadrant. The significant HH towns were mostly to be found in the south of Qinhuangdao city, Haigang district, Changli county, Lulong county. The significant LL towns were mostly to be found in the Qinglong county, north of Qinhuangdao city.

Abstract: After the metro run a long time, the bottom of the car body will be deposited amount of dusts. We must remove the dusts in the bottom. If we take some traditional methods, this not only will make the working environment dirty, but also unable to clear all dusts. This paper analyzes the dusts in the metro’s bottom first, and then introduces the dusts removal project, this project use 4 air compressors and 6 industrial vacuum cleaners, air compressors are on one side, and industrial vacuum cleaners are on the other side, this means we take two way to deduce the dust at the same time, blow and inhale. Last we design the vacuum pipelines.

Abstract: Cleaner Production (CP) is a sustainable developing pattern and an environmental strategy based upon source reduction, under the context of rapid economic development, excessive resource utilization and consumption, fast depletion of natural resources, and severe degradation and deterioration of environmental quality. In China, the development of CP is promising and prompt with continuous improvement, since it was introduced in China in early 1990s. However, there are still lots of problems for the promotion and development of CP. In this study, through statistical analysis of spatial and industrial distribution of CP in China, some corresponding advises are given to promote and facilitate the development of CP, and to provide some fundamental groundwork for legal and institutional construction of CP in China.

Abstract: In the plain-lake area of south China, aquaculture and plantation of aquatic commercial crop are very common. In order to realize water quality improvement for aquaculture pond and reuse of the nutrients, it is essential to establish an integrated system that constitute aquaculture pond and plant purifying pond which are linked by necessary farmland works. In the study, the connection between fishpond and lotus pond was established mainly by water pipe and water suction pump. When lotus pond is used for purifying fishpond water, using water pump draw water from fishpond into lotus pond, then experiments of water retention and subsurface flow on the lotus pond were done in the several growth stages of lotus root. During the experiments taking water samplings at the inlet and outlet which were installed at lotus pond to determine the relevant water quality indicators, analysis showed that: TP, TN, NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^――N, NO₂^――N and COD_Mn contained in aquaculture water may effectively remove as the water stay at lotus pond for a certain time, the removal rate of the above-mentioned substances increases with the increase of retention period of the aquaculture water standing in lotus pond; there are some regularity when fishpond water is purified by surface flow in lotus pond, the removal rate for TP and TN in dormant stage of lotus root is more than that in adult-plant stage and the effect in adult-plant stage is more than that in rooting stage, and for NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^――N, NO₂^――N and COD_Mn the removal rate in adult-plant stage is more than that in dormant stage and the effect in dormant stage is more than that in rooting stage; the more of the TP, TN, NO₃^――N and NH₄⁺-N is removed with the increase of the running time when fishpond water processed by surface flow in lotus pond, the removal rate of them arrives to 13.89%, 11.43%, 11.02% and 5.73% separately after the system running for 6 hours; compared with the contrast fishpond, the water quality of the fishpond combining with lotus pond is good obviously, where water quality indicators such as TP, NO₃^--N, TURB(turbidity) and SD(water transparency) arrive to significant improvement, meanwhile TN, NH₄⁺-N and COD_Mn get a marked improvement. On average, such a conclusion can be drawn that aquaculture in fishpond and plantation in lotus pond may be integrate, fishpond water may get an improvement by ex-situ purification of lotus pond, and meanwhile the combination makes it possible that the nutrients contained in fishpond water are recycled.

Abstract: Water quality is important to fishpond culture, and it is required to improvement in the process of aquiculture especially as it impact on normal growth for aquatic animals. Usually the purification of fishpond water adopt two methods that are in-situ and ex-situ purification, water from fishpond purified by paddy field then to return the pond belongs to ex-situ purification of fishpond water. The field experiment results showed that water form fishpond flowing through the paddy field surface more than 20%~24% of total phosphorus and 25%~33% of total nitrogen are removed which is beneficial to both fertilizer-saving for rice production and water environment improvement for pond culture, so it is liable to popularize in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze Rive, China. In order to extend the ex-situ purification of fishpond water by paddy field, it is needed to determine suitable size of paddy field. Based on field experiment and the results analysis, the paper gave a method to determine the length and width of the land block. The size of paddy field in long dimension is determined by flow path necessary for water quality indicators to achieve their allowable emission, the width of paddy field is calculated according to the relevant parameters including daily hydraulic load which is a total quantity of water from fishpond into paddy field, inflow rate per unit width in paddy field, a duration that fishpond water flow into paddy field for purification. Calculation and analysis showed that, for ordinary decentralized fishpond managed by peasant household, paddy field block with long side of 100 m long can satisfy the removals of TN and NH₃-N contained in fishpond water through surface flow in paddy field, but can not meet the removal of TP which can be solved by flow path extension using series connection of the two adjacent plots set in standardization field block, or by setting up ecological ditch in paddy field so as to strengthen water purification.

Abstract: This paper covers treatments at home and abroad.of H₂S gas from viscose industry. It also elaborates on the principle, process, frequently asked questions and treatment effect of the treatment of H₂S gas with turbulent ball tower alkaline washing method.

Abstract: A new chlorate-based chlorine dioxide generation process was developed by using waste molasses as reductant in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst. The optimum technological condition was determined as 80 ^oC, 50% sulfuric acid, molasses and sodium chlorite weight ratio of 1:4. The best conversion rate and purity of chlorine dioxide was 73.8% and 95.1%, respectively. Chlorite was found in the reacting mixtures, and major reactions of in process were inferred. The results obtained provides a new way for waste molasses comprehensive utilization and chlorine dioxide generation.