Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: Light condition has significant effects on plant growth and nutrient accumulation. The growth and nutrients content of Gynura (Begonia fimbristipulata) were studied under three light intensities (natural field, 100% full sunlight (L0); 50% canopy cover (L1); 70% canopy cover (L2)) in Fuyang, China. The results showed that plant height, ground diameter and number of branches were no significant difference between L0 and L1 treatments (P>0.05), these variables were significantly lower in L2 treatment than that in L0 treatment (P<0.05). Potassium (K), phosphorus (P), vitamin C (Vc) and soluble sugar content in Gynura’s leaves reduced with decreasing light intensity. The content of protein and iron (Fe) were no significant difference among the three light treatments (P>0.05). The content of calcium (Ca) markedly increased in L1 treatment compared with L0 treatment (P<0.05), and it greatly declined in L2 treatment. The change of light conditions had less impact on the water-soluble amino acid content (except for alanine, serine, and glutamic acid). These results indicate that Gynura is suitable to cultivate under the forest with 50% canopy cover.

Abstract: In the past few decades, forestland management have changed in response to the improved patterns of resource use in rural China. Two main questions arise: what factors are to have an impacts on forestland use, and how does forestland management adapt to forestland use changes. Most researches mainly focus on forestland transfer for the forestland use, since forestland transfer has been the effective way of achieving intensive management. The forest tenure reform breeds new management modes and management methods for forestland change as the most basic driving force. However, there are some aspects need to be improved and further discussion is required, including constructing forestry credit system, perfecting mortgage system, and improving assets evaluation system and service mechanism. This paper summarizes the existing studies on forestland use and management from the reform of forestry system, forestland use change and forestland management.

Abstract: We evaluated land suitability for Jatropha cultivation at a global scale under current and future climate scenarios. Areas that are suitable for Jatropha cultivation include southern South America, the west and southeast coasts of Africa, the north of South Asia, and the north and south coasts of Australia. In the predicted climate change scenarios, areas near the equator become less suitable for Jatropha cultivation, and areas further from the equator become more suitable. Our analyses suggest that the rank order of the six climate change scenarios, from the smallest to the largest effects on Jatropha cultivation, was as follows: B1, A1T/B2, A1B, A2, and A1FI.

Abstract: Leaf litter decomposition is a fundamental mechanism for self-fertilization in forest ecosystems. Decomposition rate is an important factor in this process. Understanding how silvicultural treatments affect leaf litter decomposition rate can aid in plantation management. In order to reveal the effects of silvicultural treatments on litter decomposition in triploid Populus tomentoza pulp plantations, a litterbag technique was employed in a range of experimental conditions: with/without tree canopy cover (inter or intra forest belts), intercropping, and embedment in the soil. The results showed treatments had varying affects on leaf litter decomposition. The micro-environment created by the forest belt had no significant impact on leaf litter decomposition. The rate of decomposition of embedded leaf litter was significantly higher than litter on the soil surface, indicating that litter buried by tillage or hoeing would promote faster decomposition. Leaf litter decomposition was also enhanced by mixing with cotton (Gossypium sp.) leaf, showing that intercropping sped up the nutrient cycle in triploid P. tomentoza pulp plantations, thereby maintaining and improving soil productivity.

Abstract: Ecosystems in the central of Yunnan karst plateau are very fragile due to thin soil layer and intensive infiltration capacity of rock fracture, which result in a very limited amount of water storage for plant uptake. Water retention in the soil zone and shallow fractured rock zone (subcutaneous) is a key factor for plant growth. Distinction of water sources taken by karst plants is a challenging task for botanists and hydrologists but is needed for ecosystem management. In this study, stable isotope analysis was used to investigate water sources for Quercus variabilis secondary forests at Shilin Geopark in Bajiang vally, central Yunnan of China. Proportions of water sources for plant uptake were determined by the δD and δ¹⁸O values of plant stem water, and water taken from soil layers and the subcutaneous zone. The analysis reveals that water was mainly taken from the soil layers and to less degree the subcutaneous zone as well. In dry seasons with scarce precipitation, plants in the secondary forest were prone to take more water from subcutaneous zone and upper layer of soil. Different species had different water use strategies, Quercus variabilis and Pistacia weinmannifolia took a larger proportional water from the upper layer of soil and subcutaneous water, suggesting its deeper roots and wider range of shallower roots. However, Neolitsea homilantha extracted more percentage of water from the upper soil water because of its shallower roots.

Abstract: Populus euphratica is the only dominant tree species in arid desert region, because of people the irrational use of resources in recent decades, causing their area was drastically reduced. This research was on the background of economic and social condition of Hotan County in typical areas of southern edge of the Tarim Basin, and took Populus euphratica ecological function as research objects, studied the main factors and mechanism of influencing their growth from the micro-level, and using the market value method, shadow engineering methods, and so on, measured their main ecological services value. The result showed that: Hotan County backward economic and social conditions exacerbated their ecological vulnerability. They have significantly effected on Populus euphratica growth, were temperature, soil, salinity and hydrology, etc. Currently, Populus euphratica forest plays a significant role of dust reduction and ecological environment in Hotan County, its indirect economic value is much higher than standing timber value.

Abstract: Storm is the most popular realtime stream processing platform, which can be used to deal with online machine learning. Similar to how Hadoop provides a set of general primitives for doing batch processing, Storm provides a set of general primitives for doing realtime computation. SAMOA includes distributed algorithms for the most common machine learning tasks like Mahout for Hadoop. SAMOA is both a platform and a library. In this paper, Forest cover types, a large benchmaking dataset available at the UCI KDD Archive is used as the data stream source. Vertical Hoeffding Tree, a parallelizing streaming decision tree induction for distributed enviroment, which is incorporated in SAMOA API is applied on Storm platform. This study compared stream prcessing technique for predicting forest cover types from cartographic variables with traditional classic machine learning algorithms applied on this dataset. The test then train method used in this system is totally different from the traditional train then test. The results of the stream processing technique indicated that it’s output is aymptotically nearly identical to that of a conventional learner, but the model derived from this system is totally scalable, real-time, capable of dealing with evolving streams and insensitive to stream ordering.

Abstract: With the introduction of four poplar varieties as the research object, in the growth period, the density of 30cm × 40cm biomass of seedlings were studied. The biomass of different organs of different varieties at seedling stage in different periods of change process, it can be seen that different varieties of the same organ is not the same in different periods of change, To estimate the biomass of each type during different periods, it can play a guiding role on nursery stock production.

Abstract: Taking the conception and model of the regional gravity center and adopting the population and economic data of every county or district in Qinhuangdao city from 2000 to 2012, this paper calculated the population gavity center and the GDP gravity center yearly, and maked the space evolution map of the population gravity center and the GDP gravity center based on ArcGIS 10.0 software. The results show that the population gravity center and the GDP gravity center both are located in the southeast of the geometric center from 2000 to 2012. The population gravity center slowly moves to northeast, while the GDP gravity center moves to northwest. This indicates that the distribution of population and economy is disequilibrium, and the imbalance is biger in the east-west direction than south-north direction. The offset distances of the GDP gravity center relative to the population gravity center decrease both in longitude and latitude during the 2000-2012 time period, which indicates that the economic development of Qinhuangdao city is gradually moving towards balanced development.

Abstract: Mianyang, Sichuan is the so-called only City of Science and Technology in China, and it is also the first science & technology (industry) tourism demonstration base named by the National Tourism Administration. In this paper, the authors introduce the major science & technology tourism resources of this city, and evaluates them quantitatively using Geographic Information System technology.