Tribological Behaviour of Ceramic Hip Replacements

Abstract:

Since 1960, when the first hip prosthesis was introduced, up to now, several implant typologies have been proposed trying to meet the increasing clinical demands of more and more active and young patients. A substantial evolution of implant design has been occurring, both in terms of materials and geometry, basically driven by their tribological performances. Indeed, the main concern of hip implants consists in the release of wear debris, which can lead to implant loosening and failure. Thus, many studies on wear and lubrication of hip prostheses have been published in the last 15 years, mainly focused on experimental researches but also on numerical/modeling approaches. The aim of this work is to review the history of hip implants from a tribological point of view with a focus on ceramic-on-ceramic replacements, which represent the most advanced solution in terms of wear strength and chemical inertness. The main drawbacks of these implants, as the brittleness and the squeaking, are discussed and novel solutions examined.

• Periodical: Advances in Science and Technology (Volume 89)
• Pages: 10-20
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.89.10
• Online since: October 2014
• Authors: Enrico Ciulli*, Francesca Di Puccio, Lorenza Mattei, Santina Battaglia, Saverio Affatato
• Keywords: Artificial Joint, Bio-Tribology, Ceramic-on-Ceramic, Hip Replacement

References

[1] F. Di Puccio, L. Mattei, Bio-tribology of artificial hip joints, World Journal of Orthopaedics, In press (2014) 1-25.

[2] F.F. Buechel, M.J. Pappas, Principles of human joint replacement: Design and clinical application, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Berlin, Germany, (2011).

[3] A. -R. Jenabzadeh, S.J. Pearce, W.L. Walter, Total hip replacement: ceramic-on-ceramic, Semin Arthroplasty, 23 (2012) 232-40.

DOI: 10.1053/j.sart.2012.12.007

[4] H. McKellop, F.W. Shen, B. Lu, P. Campbell, R. Salovey, Development of an extremely wear-resistant ultra high molecular weight polyethylene for total hip replacements, J Orthop Res, 17 (1999) 157-67.

DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100170203

[5] P. Bracco, E. Oral, Vitamin E-stabilized UHMWPE for Total Joint Implants: A Review, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 469 (2011) 2286-93.

DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1717-6

[6] T.M. Grupp, M. Holderied, M.A. Mulliez, R. Streller, M. Jager, W. Blomer, S. Utzschneider, Biotribology of a vitamin E-stabilized polyethylene for hip arthroplasty - Influence of artificial ageing and third-body particles on wear, Acta biomaterialia, (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.052

[7] http: /www. njrcentre. org. uk.

[8] D. Dowson, Tribological principles of metal-on-metal hip joint design, Proc Inst Mech Eng H2 J Eng Med, 220 (2006) 161-71.

DOI: 10.1243/095441105x63255

[9] Z.M. Jin, Biotribology: material design, lubrication, and wear in artificial hip joints, in: G.E. Totten (Ed. ) Handbook of lubrication and tribology. Application and maintenance, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL ; London, 2006, pp.1-24.

DOI: 10.1201/9781420003840.ch17

[10] L. Mattei, F. Di Puccio, B. Piccigallo, E. Ciulli, Lubrication and wear modelling of artificial hip joints: a review, Tribol Int, 44 (2011) 532–49.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2010.06.010

[11] I. Hutchings, P. Shipwa, Tribology, 2 ed., Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, (2007).

[12] C. Brockett, S. Williams, Z. Jin, G. Isaac, J. Fisher, Friction of total hip replacements with different bearings and loading conditions, J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 81B (2007) 508-15.

DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30691

[13] C.L. Brockett, A comparison of friction in 28 mm conventional and 55 mm resurfacing metal-on-metal hip replacements, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J, Journal of engineering tribology, 221 (2007) 391-8.

DOI: 10.1243/13506501jet234

[14] C. Myant, P. Cann, In contact observation of model synovial fluid lubricating mechanisms, Tribol Int, 63 (2013) 97-104.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2012.04.029

[15] L. Mattei, F. Di Puccio, E. Ciulli, A comparative study on wear laws for soft-on-hard hip implants using a mathematical wear model, Tribol Int, 63 (2013) 66-77.

DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2012.03.002

[16] L. Mattei, F. Di Puccio, Wear simulation of metal-on-metal hip replacements with frictional contact, J Tribol, 135 (2013) 1-11.

DOI: 10.1115/1.4023207

[17] Y. Yan, D. Dowson, A. Neville, In-situ electrochemical study of interaction of tribology and corrosion in artificial hip prosthesis simulators, J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 18 (2013) 191-9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.08.009

[18] A. Wang, A unified theory of wear for ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in multi-directional sliding, Wear, 248 (2001) 38-47.

DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1648(00)00522-6

[19] Z. Xia, Y. -M. Kwon, S. Mehmood, C. Downing, K. Jurkschat, D.W. Murray, Characterization of metal-wear nanoparticles in pseudotumor following metal-on-metal hip resurfacing, Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 7 (2011) 674-81.

DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.08.002

[20] www. ceramtec. com/ceramic-materials/biolox.

[21] D. Kluess, P. Bergschmidt, W. Mittelmeier, R. Bader, Ceramics for joint replacement, in: P. Revell (Ed. ) Joint Replacement Technology, Woodhead Publishing, 2014, p.630.

DOI: 10.1533/9780857098474.2.152

[22] J. Fisher, Z. Jin, J. Tipper, M. Stone, E. Ingham, Tribology of alternative bearings, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 453 (2006) 25-34.

DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000238871.07604.49

[23] S. Affatato, E. Modena, A. Toni, P. Taddei, Retrieval analysis of three generations of Biolox® femoral heads: Spectroscopic and SEM characterisation, J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 13 (2012) 118-28.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.04.003

[24] G. Willmann, Ceramic femoral head retrieval data, Clin Orthop Relat Res, (2000) 22-8.

[25] J. Allain, F. Roudot-Thoraval, J. Delecrin, P. Anract, H. Migaud, D. Goutallier, Revision total hip arthroplasty performed after fracture of a ceramic femoral head. A multicenter survivorship study, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 85-A (2003) 825-30.

DOI: 10.2106/00004623-200305000-00009

[26] J. Nevelos, E. Ingham, C. Doyle, R. Streicher, A. Nevelos, W. Walter, J. Fisher, Microseparation of the centers of alumina-alumina artificial hip joints during simulator testing produces clinically relevant wear rates and patterns, J Arthroplasty, 15 (2000).

DOI: 10.1054/arth.2000.8100

[27] W.L. Walter, G.M. Insley, W.K. Walter, M.A. Tuke, Edge loading in third generation alumina ceramic-on-ceramic bearings: stripe wear, J Arthroplasty, 19 (2004) 402-13.

DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2003.09.018

[28] P.J. Lusty, A. Watson, M.A. Tuke, W.L. Walter, W.K. Walter, B. Zicat, Wear and acetabular component orientation in third generation alumina-on-alumina ceramic bearings: an analysis of 33 retrievals [corrected], J Bone Joint Surg Br, 89 (2007).

DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.89b9.19282

[29] S. Affatato, F. Traina, A. Toni, Microseparation and stripe wear in alumina-on-alumina hip implants, Int J Artif Organs, 34 (2011) 506-12.

DOI: 10.5301/ijao.2011.8457

[30] C.A. Jarrett, A.S. Ranawat, M. Bruzzone, Y.C. Blum, J.A. Rodriguez, C.S. Ranawat, The Squeaking Hip: A Phenomenon of Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, 91 (2009) 1344-9.

DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.f.00970

[31] D.H. Owen, N.C. Russell, P.N. Smith, W.L. Walter, An estimation of the incidence of squeaking and revision surgery for squeaking in ceramic-on-ceramic total hip replacement: a meta-analysis and report from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Registry, The bone & joint journal, 96-B (2014).

DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.96b2.32784

[32] P.J. Firkins, J.L. Tipper, E. Ingham, M.H. Stone, R. Farrar, J. Fisher, A novel low wearing differential hardness, ceramic-on-metal hip joint prosthesis, J Biomech, 34 (2001) 1291-8.

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00096-3

[33] S. Williams, A. Schepers, G. Isaac, C. Hardaker, E. Ingham, D. van der Jagt, A. Breckon, J. Fisher, The 2007 Otto Aufranc Award. Ceramic-on-metal hip arthroplasties: a comparative in vitro and in vivo study, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 465 (2007).

DOI: 10.1097/blo.0b013e31814da946

[34] G. Pezzotti, K. Yamamoto, Artificial hip joints: The biomaterials challenge, J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, (In press).

[35] Recall of Smith & Nephew R3 Metal Liners of the R3 Acetabular System, (2012).

[36] M. Mazzocchi, D. Gardini, P.L. Traverso, M.G. Faga, A. Bellosi, On the possibility of silicon nitride as a ceramic for structural orthopaedic implants. Part II: chemical stability and wear resistance in body environment, J Mater Sci-Mater M, 19 (2008).

DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3437-y

[37] W. Zhang, M. Titze, B. Cappi, D.C. Wirtz, R. Telle, H. Fischer, Improved mechanical long-term reliability of hip resurfacing prostheses by using silicon nitride, J Mater Sci-Mater M, 21 (2010) 3049-57.

DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4144-z

[38] B.J. Kang, Y.C. Ha, S.C. Hwang, Y.K. Lee, K.H. Koo, Midterm Results of Large Diameter Biolox Forte Ceramic Head on Delta Ceramic Liner Articulation in Total Hip Arthroplasty, J Arthroplasty, (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.03.003

[39] J. -A. Epinette, M.T. Manley, No Differences Found in Bearing Related Hip Survivorship at 10–12 Years Follow-Up Between Patients With Ceramic on Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Bearings Compared to Patients With Ceramic on Ceramic Bearings, J Arthroplasty, 29 (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.02.025