Paper Titles
Influence of Concentration of Pseudoboehmite Nanofiller on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties in Polystyrene Compounds
p.11
Mutual Conversion between Stretched and Contracted Helices and its External Stimuli Induced Drastic Colors and Geometrical Structures Changes of Substituted Polyacetylenes Prepared with an Organo-Rhodium Catalyst
p.18
Electroactive Polymer Based Conducting, Magnetic, and Luminescent Triple Composites
p.24
Effects of an External Magnetic Field on Polymeric Foam-Ferromagnet Composites
p.30
Asymmetric Bilayer Artificial Muscles Based on Polypyrrole
p.41
New Resonance Mode of Dielectric Elastomer Minimum Energy Structure
p.48
IPMC Actuators Fabricated Using MEMS Technology
p.57
Elastomer Transducers
p.61
Efficient Linear Approach for the Closed-Loop Control of a Ionic Polymer Bending Actuator
p.75

Asymmetric Bilayer Artificial Muscles Based on Polypyrrole

Article Preview

Abstract:

The characteristics of the asymmetric artificial muscles, PPy-ClO4/tape, PPy-DBS/tape and PPy-ClO4/PPy-DBS worked in 0.5 M NaClO4 aqueous solutions were discussed by the dynamo-voltammetric responses, coulo-dynamic Evolution responses and the bending angle per unit of consumed charge and the cooperative dynamic effects of PPy-ClO4/PPy-DBS artificial muscles is clarified. In the PPy-ClO4/PPy-DBS asymmetric bilayer artificial muscles, the PPy-ClO4 layer shrinks and PPy-DBS layer swells during reduction and the PPy-ClO4 layer swells and PPy-DBS layer shrinks during oxidation. The artificial muscle originates cooperative dynamic bending actuation of the constituent layers (swelling/shrinking or shrinking/swelling) and achieves the larger bending amplitude than those of the PPy-ClO4/tape and the PPy-DBS/tape. The bending angle per unit of consumed charge on the PPy-ClO4/tape and PPy-DBS/tape is 3.240 and 2.85, respectively, and the cooperative dynamic effect on PPy-ClO4/PPy-DBS is 8.257. In case of NaCl having same level bending angle per unit of consumed charge on PPy-DBS/tape, 2.396, the cooperative dynamic effect on PPy-ClO4/PPy-DBS is just 3.868. Because the bending angle per unit of consumed charge on PPy-ClO4/tape is very low, 0.101. Actually, the cooperative dynamic effect on PPy-ClO4/PPy-DBS in Na2CO3 is 5.184 and is larger than that in NaCl even the bending angle per unit of consumed charge on PPy-DBS is lower than that on NaCl. The expansion and contraction of the PPy-ClO4 film dominates the reaction-driven bending motion and those of the PPy-DBS have a minor influence on the bending actuation.

You might also be interested in these eBooks
7th Forum on New Materials - Part A View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Advances in Science and Technology (Volume 97)

Pages:

41-47

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.97.41

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

October 2016

Authors:

Masaki Fuchiwaki*, Jose Gabriel Martínez, Toribio Fernandez Otero

Keywords:

Artificial Muscle, Conducting Polymer, Polypyrrole

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2017 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] T. F. Otero, Conducting Polymers, Electrochemistry, and Biomimicking Processes, Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, Springer US, 1999, pp.307-434.

DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46917-0_3

Google Scholar

[2] T. F. Otero, J. G. Martinez, Biomimetic intracellular matrix (ICM) materials, properties and functions. Full integration of actuators and sensors, Journal of Material Chemistry B, vol. 1, No. 1, 2013, pp.26-38.

DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00176d

Google Scholar

[3] K. Yamato and K. Kaneto, Tubular linear actuators using conducting polymer, polypyrrole, Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 568, No. 1-2, 2006, pp.133-137.

DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.030

Google Scholar

[4] A. DellaSanta, D. DeRossi, A. Mazzoldi, Performance and work capacity of a polypyrrole conducting polymer linear actuator, Synthetic Metals, vol. 90, No. 2, 1997, pp.93-100.

DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(97)81256-8

Google Scholar

[5] T. F. Otero, E. Angulo, J. Rodríguez, C. Santamaría, Electrochemomechanical properties from a bilayer: polypyrrole/non-conducting and flexible material - artificial muscle, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 341, No. 1-2, 1992, pp.369-375.

DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(92)80495-p

Google Scholar

[6] Q. Pei, O. Inganas, Conjugated Polymers and the Bending Cantilever Method - Electrical Muscles and Smart Devices, Advanced Materials, vol. 4, No. 4, 1992, pp.277-278.

DOI: 10.1002/adma.19920040406

Google Scholar

[7] T. F. Otero, J. G. Martinez, J. Arias-Pardilla, Biomimetic electrochemistry from conducting polymers. A review: Artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart drug delivery and computer/neuron interfaces, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 84, 2012, pp.112-128.

DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.097

Google Scholar

[8] K. Kaneto, M. Kaneko, Y. Min, A.G. MacDiarmid, Artificial muscle: Electromechanical actuators using polyaniline films, Synthetic Metals Vol. 71, 1995, pp.2211-2212.

DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(94)03226-v

Google Scholar

[9] W. Takashima, M. Fukui, M. Kaneko, K. Kaneto, Electrochemomechanical deformation in polyaniline films, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 34, 1995, pp.3786-3789.

DOI: 10.1143/jjap.34.3786

Google Scholar

[10] M. Kaneko, K. Kaneto, Deformation of poly(o-methoxyaniline) Film Induced by polymer Conformation on Electrochemical Oxidation, Polymer Journal, Vol. 33, 2001, pp.104-107.

DOI: 10.1295/polymj.33.104

Google Scholar

[11] M. Kaneko, K. Kaneto, Electrochemomechanical deformation in poly(o-methoxyaniline), IEICE Transaction on Electronics, Vol. 81, No. 7, 1998, pp.1064-1069.

Google Scholar

[12] M. Fuchiwaki, W. Takashima, K. Kaneto, Comparative study of electrochemomechanical deformation of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, polyanilines and polypyllore films, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. Vol. 40, 2001, pp.7110-7116.

DOI: 10.1143/jjap.40.7110

Google Scholar

[13] K. Kaneto, Y. Sonoda, W. Takashima, Direct measurement and mechanism of electro-chemomechnical expansion and contraction in polypyrrole films, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 39, 2000, pp.5918-5922.

DOI: 10.1143/jjap.39.5918

Google Scholar

[14] T. F. Otero, J. G. Martinez, Artificial Muscles: A Tool To Quantify Exchanged Solvent during Biomimetic Reactions, Chemistry of Materials, vol. 24, No. 21, 2012, pp.4093-4099.

DOI: 10.1021/cm302847r

Google Scholar

[15] T. F. Otero, J. G. Martinez, M. Fuchiwaki, L. Valero, Structural Electrochemistry from Freestanding Polypyrrole Films: Full Hydrogen Inhibition from Aqueous Solutions, Advnced Functional Materials, vol. 24, No. 9, 2014, p.1265–1274.

DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201302469

Google Scholar

[16] L. Valero, J. G. Martinez, T. F. Otero, Creeping and structural effects in Faradaic artificial muscles, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2015, pp.1-7.

DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2775-1

Google Scholar

[17] T. F. Otero, J. G. Martínez, B. Zaifoglu, Using reactive artificial muscles to determine water exchange during reactions, Smart Materials Structtures, vol. 22, No. 10, 2013, p.104019.

DOI: 10.1088/0964-1726/22/10/104019

Google Scholar

[18] M. Fuchiwaki, K. Tanaka, K. Kaneto, Planate conducting polymer actuator based on polypyrrole and its application, Sensors and Actuators -Physics, vol. 150, No. 2, 2009, pp.272-276.

DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2009.01.011

Google Scholar

[19] Y. Naka, M. Fuchiwaki, K. Tanaka, A micropump driven by a polypyrrole-based conducting polymer soft actuator, Polymer International, vol. 59, No. 3, 2010, pp.352-356.

DOI: 10.1002/pi.2762

Google Scholar

[20] M. Fuchiwaki, T. F. Otero, Polypyrrole–para-phenolsulfonic acid/tape artificial muscle as a tool to clarify biomimetic driven reactions and ionic exchanges, Journal of Material Chemistry B, vol. 2, No. 14, pp.1954-1965, mar. (2014).

DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21653e

Google Scholar

[21] L. Valero, T. F. Otero, J. G. Martínez, Exchanged Cations and Water during Reactions in Polypyrrole Macroions from Artificial Muscles, ChemPhysChem, vol. 15, No. 2, 2014, p.293–301.

DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300878

Google Scholar

[22] M. Fuchiwaki, J. G. Martinez, T. F. Otero, Polypyrrole Asymmetric Bilayer Artificial Muscle: Driven Reactions, Cooperative Actuation, and Osmotic Effects, Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 25, No. 10, 2015, pp.1535-1541.

DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201404061

Google Scholar