Intrinsic Diffusivities Ratio Analysis in Double Multiphase Systems

Mykhaylo V. Yarmolenko

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.413.47

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Intrinsic Diffusivities Ratio Analysis in Double Multiphase Systems
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HomeDefect and Diffusion ForumDefect and Diffusion Forum Vol. 413Intrinsic Diffusivities Ratio Analysis in Double...

Intrinsic Diffusivities Ratio Analysis in Double Multiphase Systems

Abstract:

Our investigations show that electrochemical corrosion of copper is faster than electrochemical corrosion of aluminium at temperatures below 100°C. Literature data analysis shows that the Al atoms diffuse faster than the Cu atoms at temperatures higher than 475°C, Al rich intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are formed faster in the Cu-Al system, and the Kirkendall plane shifts toward the Al side. Electrochemical corrosion occurs due to electric current and due to diffusion. An electronic devise working time, for example, depends on initial copper cover thickness on aluminium wire, connected to the electronic devise, temperature, and volume and dislocation pipe diffusion coefficients, so copper, iron, and aluminium electrochemical corrosion rates are investigated experimentally at room temperature and at temperature 100°C. Intrinsic diffusivities ratios of copper and aluminium at different temperatures and diffusion activation energies in the Cu-Al system are calculated by proposed here methods using literature experimental data. Dislocation pipe and volume diffusion activation energies of pure iron are calculated separately by earlier proposed method using literature experimental data. Aluminium dissolved into NaCl solution as the Al³⁺ ions at room temperature and at temperature 100°C, iron dissolved into NaCl solution as the Fe²⁺ (not Fe³⁺) ions at room temperature and at temperature 100°C, copper dissolved into NaCl solution as the Cu⁺ ions at room temperature and as the Cu⁺ and the Cu²⁺ ions at temperature 100°C. It is found experimentally that copper corrosion is higher than aluminium corrosion, and ratio of electrochemical corrosion rates, k_Cu/k_Al>1, decreases with temperature increasing, although iron electrochemical corrosion rate does not depend on temperature below 100°C. It is obvious, because the melting point of iron is more higher than the melting point of copper or aluminium. It is calculated that the copper electrochemical corrosion rate is approximately equal to aluminium electrochemical corrosion at temperature about 300°C, so copper can dissolve into NaCl solution mostly as the Cu²⁺ ions at temperature about 300°C. The ratio of intrinsic diffusivities, D_Cu/D_Al<1, increases with temperature increasing, and the intrinsic diffusivity of aluminium could be approximately equal to the intrinsic diffusivity of copper at temperature about 460oC. Intrinsic diffusivities ratios in the Cu-Zn system at temperature 400°C and in the Cu-Sn system at temperatures from 190°C to 250°C are analyzed theoretically using literature experimental data. Diffusion activation energies and pre-exponential coefficients for the Cu-Sn system are calculated combining literature experimental results.

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Periodical:

Defect and Diffusion Forum (Volume 413)

Pages:

47-64

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.413.47

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Online since:

December 2021

Authors:

Mykhaylo V. Yarmolenko*

Keywords:

Activation Energy, Aluminium, Copper, Diffusion, Electrochemical Corrosion, Electrolysis, Intermetallic Compounds, Iron, Kirkendall Shift, Kirkendall-Frenkel Porosity, Metallic Coatings, Phases Formation Kinetics

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References

[1] Kizaki T, O M, Kajihara M. Rate-Controlling Process of Compound Growth in Cu-Clad Al Wire during Isothermal Annealing at 483–543 K. Materials Transactions. 2020;61(1):188-194. DOI: https://10.2320/matertrans.MT-M2019207.