Identification of Quercetin and Chrysin in Banana Peel Extract Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer for Obesity Treatment

Abstract:

Pancreatic lipase plays an important role in converting triglyceride into long-chain fatty acids and glycerol, then becomes a therapeutic target for obesity treatment. Quercetin and chrysin are able to inhibit pancreatic lipase, which is potentially developed for obesity treatment. This study aimed to identify quercetin and chrysin derived from the methanol extract of raja and kepok banana peels using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS) for the development of obesity treatment. Raja and kepok banana peels were purchased from a fruit seller in Klaten City. Raja and kepok banana peels were extracted using the maceration method with 80% (v/v) methanol solvent. Quercetin and chrysin compounds were identified using HPLC and LC-MS at the Integrated Laboratory UNS and Universitas Diponegoro, respectively. Quercetin concentration was calculated using linear regression of diluted standard quercetin. The quercetin concentration in the raja peel extract was 0.338 mg/dL but was not detected in the kepok banana peel extract. The peak of chrysin in raja and kepok banana peel extract was not detected. LC-MS analysis identified chrysin in raja banana peel extract. In conclusion, raja banana peel extract is a potential source of quercetin and chrysin for alternative natural lipase inhibitors for obesity treatment. Further research is required carry out extraction using other solvents, isolate and purify quercetin and chrysin from raja banana peel extract, which will be used for in vitro and in vivo studies.

• Periodical: Engineering Headway (Volume 14)
• Pages: 81-88
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-6IZ2xi
• Online since: January 2025
• Authors: Kezia Elian Devina, Dono Indarto*, Tri Nugraha Susilawati
• Keywords: Banana Peel Extract, Chrysin, HPLC, LC-MS, Obesity, Quercetin

References

[1] E.Y. Lee and K.H. Yoon, "Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention," Front. Med., vol. 12, no. 6, p.658–666, 2018.

DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1

[2] S. Ghosh, M. Paul, K.K. Mondal, S. Bhattacharjee, and P. Bhattacharjee, "Sedentary lifestyle with increased risk of obesity in urban adult academic professionals: an epidemiological study in West Bengal, India," Sci. Rep., vol. 13, no. 4895, p.1–10, 2023.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31977-y

[3] T. Lobstein, R. Jackson-leach, J. Powis, H. Brinsden, and M. Gray, "World Obesity Atlas 2023," 2023. https://data.worldobesity.org/publications/?cat=19 (accessed Apr. 02, 2023).

[4] T. Buchholz and M. F. Melzig, "Polyphenolic Compounds as Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors," Planta Med., vol. 81, p.771–783, 2015.

DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1546173

[5] B.G. Tchang, K.H. Saunders, and L.I. Igel, "Best Practices in the Management of Overweight and Obesity," Med. Clin. North Am., vol. 105, no. 1, p.149–174, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.08.018

[6] M.M. Li, Y.T. Chen, J.C. Ruan, W.J. Wang, J.G. Chen, and Q.F. Zhang, "Structure-activity relationship of dietary flavonoids on pancreatic lipase," Curr. Res. Food Sci., vol. 6, no. 100424, p.1–8, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100424

[7] A.N. Panche, A.D. Diwan, and S.R. Chandra, "Flavonoids: An overview," J. Nutr. Sci., vol. 5, no. e47, p.1–15, 2016.

DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.41

[8] S.A. Pai, E.A. Martis, R.P. Munshi, M.S. Gursahani, S.N. Mestry, and A. R. Juvekar, "Chrysin mitigated obesity by regulating energy intake and expenditure in rats," J. Tradit. Complement. Med., vol. 10, p.577–585, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.09.002

[9] Y.J. Zhou, N. Xu, X.C. Zhang, Y.Y. Zhu, S.W. Liu, and Y.N. Chang, "Chrysin Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders by Regulating the AMPK/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Insulin-Resistant HepG2 Cells and HFD/STZ-Induced C57BL/6J Mice," J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 69, p.5618–5627, 2021.

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01109

[10] C. Rodríguez-Pérez, A. Segura-Carretero, and M. del Mar Contreras, "Phenolic compounds as natural and multifunctional anti-obesity agents: A review," Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., vol. 59, no. 8, p.1212–1229, 2017.

DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1399859

[11] R. Kumar, S. Vijayalakshmi, and S. Nadanasabapathi, "Health Benefits of Quercetin," Def. Life Sci. J., vol. 2, no. 2, p.142, 2017.

DOI: 10.14429/dlsj.2.11359

[12] M. H. Hamdaoui et al., "Tea decoctions prevent body weight gain in rats fed high-fat diet; black tea being more efficient than green tea," J. Nutr. Intermed. Metab., vol. 6, p.33–40, 2016.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.07.002

[13] P. Mangal, P. Khare, S. Jagtap, M. Bishnoi, K. K. Kondepudi, and K. K. Bhutani, "Screening of six Ayurvedic medicinal plants for anti-obesity potential: An investigation on bioactive constituents from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz bark," J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 197, p.138–146, 2017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.070

[14] T. Hengpratom, G. M. Lowe, K. Thumanu, S. Suknasang, K. Tiamyom, and G. Eumkeb, "Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz extract inhibits adipogenesis and lipase activity in vitro," BMC Complement. Altern. Med., vol. 18, no. 177, p.1–14, 2018.

DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2244-3

[15] S.A. Acevedo, A.J.D. Carrillo, E.F. Lopez, and C.D. Grande-Tovar, "Recovery of Banana Waste-Loss from Production and Processing: A Contribution to a Circular Economy," Molecules, vol. 26, no. 17, p.1–32, 2021.

DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175282

[16] N.R. Putra, A. H. A. Aziz, A. N. M. Faizal, and M. A. Che Yunus, "Methods and Potential in Valorization of Banana Peels Waste by Various Extraction Processes: In Review," Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 17, p.10571, 2022.

DOI: 10.3390/su141710571

[17] A.M. Aboul-Enein, Z.A. Salama, A.A. Gaafar, H.F. Aly, F.A. Bou-Elella, and H.A. Ahmed, "Identification of phenolic compounds from banana peel (Musa paradaisica L.) as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents," J. Chem. Pharm. Res., vol. 8, no. 4, p.46–55, 2016, [Online]. Available: www.jocpr.com.

[18] N. Sanghavi, S. D. Bhosale, and Y. Malode, "RP-HPLC method development and validation of Quercetin isolated from the plant Tridax procumbens L.," J. Sci. Innov. Res., vol. 3, no. 6, p.594–597, 2014.

DOI: 10.31254/jsir.2014.3609

[19] K. Vajramma, S. Begum, S. A. Begum, Jayasree, and K. Bharathi, "RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Determination of Labetalol in Bulk and Marketed Formulation.," Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, p.602–611, 2019.

DOI: 10.33786/jcpr.2018.v08i03.007

[20] E. Sulastri et al., "Total phenolic, total flavonoid, quercetin content and antioxidant activity of standardized extract of moringa oleifera leaf from regions with different elevation," Pharmacogn. J., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. S104–S108, 2018.

DOI: 10.5530/pj.2018.6s.20

[21] PubChem, "PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5280343, Quercetin," 2023. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Quercetin (accessed Jul. 03, 2023).

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14915/fig-2

[22] J.-F. Zhou et al., "Quercetin is a promising pancreatic lipase inhibitor in reducing fat absorption in vivo," Food Biosci., vol. 43, no. 101248, p.1–8, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101248

[23] A. I. Martinez-Gonzalez et al., "In vitro inhibition of pancreatic lipase by polyphenols: A kinetic, Fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking study," Food Technol. Biotechnol., vol. 55, no. 4, p.519–530, 2017.

DOI: 10.17113/ftb.55.04.17.5138

[24] X. Dong, Y. Cao, N. Wang, P. Wang, and M. Li, "Systematic study on solubility of chrysin in different organic solvents: The synergistic effect of multiple intermolecular interactions on the dissolution process," J. Mol. Liq., vol. 325, no. 115180, p.1–15, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115180

[25] L. Pratiwi, A. Fudholi, R. Martien, and S. Pramono, "Ethanol Extract, Ethyl Acetate Extract, Ethyl Acetate Fraction, and n-Heksan Fraction Mangosteen Peels (Garcinia mangostana L.) As Source of Bioactive Substance Free-Radical Scavengers," JPSCR J. Pharm. Sci. Clin. Res., vol. 1, no. 2, p.71, 2016.

DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v1i2.1936

[26] J. A. Manthey and S. Jaitrong, "An HPLC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Antioxidants in Banana Peel," Proc Fla State Hort Soc, vol. 129, no. 1, p.181–184, 2016.

[27] X. Zhao, X. Su, C. Liu, and Y. Jia, "Simultaneous determination of chrysin and tectochrysin from Alpinia oxyphylla fruits by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and dementia rats," Molecules, vol. 23, no. 1702, p.1–11, 2018.

DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071702