Engineering Headway Vol. 34

Abstract: This study investigates the absence of superconductivity in bulk type nickelate and analyzes the structural and transport characteristics of the materials. Infinite layer bulk type Nd_1-xSr_xNiO₂ with Sr doping level x for 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 are synthesized by conventional solid state synthesis method. The crystallographic structure Nd_1-xSr_xNiO₂ of is found to be stable for different doping levels using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and confirms phase purity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals the grain morphology and indicates the absence of notable microstructural features that support superconductivity. The nature of grain size distribution of Nd_1-xSr_xNiO₂, with x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 are analyzed. The transport measurement of prepared bulk type nickelate samples are performed by four probe technique with the help of closed cycle cryogenerator. The electrical transport characteristics based on 3D Variable Range Hopping (VRH) conduction models are examined. This study presents the alternative synthesis techniques to stabilize the superconducting phase and an overall insight into the causes for the failure of superconductivity.

Abstract: Cement production is a major contributor to environmental degradation, generating significant carbon emissions and consuming large quantities of natural resources. In this review-based study, we explore the potential of integrating textile waste into concrete materials as a sustainable alternative to traditional construction practices. By synthesizing existing research, we assess the environmental and material benefits of using textile fibres as a partial replacement for conventional aggregates in concrete. This review highlights the ability of textile waste to reduce landfill burden, improve the mechanical properties of concrete, and contribute to a circular economy. However, several challenges remain in optimizing material performance and enhancing long-term durability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of research on textile-based concrete composites and outlines the future directions needed for wider industrial adoption.

Abstract: Subsurface geophysical investigations are useful for minimization and optimizing the association of conventional direct investigation methods, resulting in faster and effective advancement of underground development systems. Geophysical techniques provide expensive and cost-effective ways to enhance data obtained by direct exploratory techniques such as borehole drillings, trial test pits and in situ testing, confirming local anomalies that may not be distinguishable by other methods of investigations.In the present study, the operation of Seismic Refraction Method (SRT) in urban tunnelling is investigated during the planning phase (before construction). The lithology interpreted using the SRT technique is compared to a nearby executed borehole log and found to be comparable. A cost and duration comparison between the direct system (boring) and the seismic refraction method for a 1.0 km tunnel stretch is also carried out. It is revealed that the use of SRT required only 2.5 days, whereas borehole drilling takes a much longer duration, 17 days, to perform and complete the same task. The use of SRT reduces exploration duration by over 7.0 times compared with the boring method. The cost required for conducting SRT is 425,000 INR, whereas the borehole drilling technique is 2,800,000 INR, which is almost 6.5 times less than the boring method. This demonstrates that SRT is significantly more efficient in time and cost than borehole drilling.

Abstract: Tunnel Lining is One of the Primary Components, and its Cost is Directly Related to its Size; Therefore, Constructing the Lining in a Cost-Effective Manner is Crucial. Given the Adaptability of Modern Engineering Practices, Numerical Models Have Become Indispensable in this Study. this Work Uses Numerical Analysis(ANSYS) to Compare the Design Parameters for Tunnel Segments by Incorporating Macro-Synthetic Fibers. the Aim is to Assess the Impact of these Fibers on the Structural Performance and Safety of Tunnel Linings. the Analysis is Carried out Using ANSYS Software, which Simulates Tunnel Segment Behavior with Varying Fibercontents (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). the Study Focuses on Segmentdesign Parameters Including Total Deformation, Elastic Strain (equivalent, Normal, and Shear). the Results Reveal that Tunnel Segments with Higher Fiber Content, Especially at 15%, Demonstrate Improved Performance, with much Less Deformationand Elastic Strain than Segment without Fiber. the Present Study’s Total Deformations Results are Comparable to Winterberg, and Nitschke and Winterberg Methods. the Findings Highlight the Benefit of Fiber Reinforcement in Improving the Structural Stability and Safety of Tunnel Linings. this Study Highlights the Importance of Advanced Analytical Tools like ANSYS in Accurately Predicting Tunnel Segment Behavior under Operational Conditions, Guiding Future Tunnel Design Strategies.

Abstract: Tunnel Seismic Prediction (TSP) has emerged as a vital technique in modern tunneling, offering a proactive approach to detect geological irregularities ahead of the excavation face. This research discovers the application ,effect and co-relation of TSP (Tunnel Seismic Prediction) in the Sivok–Rangpo New Broad Gauge Rail Link Project, located in the geologically sensitive Eastern Himalayas, where it is quite common for uncertainty like, encountering shear zones, fractured rock, and water-bearing strata are high. The study aimed to evaluate TSP's reliability in predicting hazardous ground conditions and guiding safe excavation practices. The methodology involved using 24 controlled explosive charges and tri-axial geophone sensors to capture seismic reflections, which were processed using the Amberg TSP Ease software to generate 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional geological models. Key parameters such as P-wave velocity (V_P), S-wave velocity (Vs), Poisson’s ratio, and Dynamic Young’s modulus were analyzed to interpret rock mass quality. Results revealed that zones with V_P < 2500 m/s and Young’s modulus < 15 GPa were indicative of weak or saturated ground, later confirmed during excavation. TSP predictions facilitated timely reinforcement measures like short round lengths, temporary inverts, and drainage holes. The findings underscore TSP’s critical role in improving tunnel safety and efficiency and highlight its potential for integration with AI-driven predictive tools in future infrastructure projects

Abstract: The Q-system, developed by Barton et al. (1974), is a widely used rock mass classification system that provides a quantitative measure of rock mass quality. The Q-value, which ranges from 0.001 to 1000, is calculated based on six parameters: rock quality designation (RQD), joint set number (Jn), joint roughness number (Jr), joint alteration number (Ja), joint water reduction factor (Jw), and stress reduction factor (SRF). These parameters collectively capture the rock mass's geological and geotechnical characteristics, enabling a comprehensive assessment of its stability.The Q-value serves as a reliable indicator of rock mass quality, allowing engineers to predict potential stability issues and design appropriate support systems. A higher Q-value indicates better rock mass quality, while a lower Q-value suggests poorer quality and increased support requirements. By using the Q-system, engineers can optimize tunnel design and construction, reducing the risk of instability and associated costs.The predictive model developed in this study further enhances the utility of the Q-system by enabling the estimation of Q-values based on shale properties which allows engineers to anticipate rock mass behaviour and design support systems, accordingly, streamlining the tunnel construction process. The model's accuracy and reliability make it a valuable tool for tunnel designers and engineers working in weak shale formations. By leveraging the Q-system and predictive model, engineers can improve tunnel stability, reduce construction costs, and enhance overall safety.

Abstract: The Terahertz radiation generation through laser plasma interactions has attracted significant attention due to its wide range of applications in the field of spectroscopy, imaging, communications and medical. This work explores the variation of nonlinear current in the plasma which is the essential driver for Terahertz radiation generation. When intense laser pulses interact with plasma, a nonlinear ponderomotive force is generated, which leads to oscillations of plasma electrons. The oscillating electrons generate a nonlinear current, and their oscillation frequency causes the emission of Terahertz radiation. These nonlinear currents play a crucial role in exciting low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the THz regime. We analyze how the nonlinear current varies with key plasma parameters, including laser intensity, plasma density, magnetic field, and beam width. Theoretical modeling and numerical simulations demonstrate how optimizing these parameters enhances nonlinear current. Our results provide insights into controlling and optimizing nonlinear plasma currents for enhanced THz generation, offering promising advancements in plasma-based THz sources. This paper presents a theoretical model to describe the variation of nonlinear current as a function of these parameters, and investigated how laser beating can modify the plasma response for terahertz radiation generation.

Abstract: At present, with inside the case of India, weather alternate is an issue of great concern. Energy is a component that determines the country's structure. A worldwide trouble is the imbalance among the usage of electricity and the generation of electricity. All countries presently depend upon fossil fuels for electricity production, and those fossil fuels aren't sustainable sources. Not simplest is greenhouse gas emissions however additionally the worst gasoline economy. Within this subject matter and out of mind, there are some of tactics which have emerged with inside the car industry to deal with this trouble together with Battery Electric Vehicles or extra with inside the industrial scale, Electric Cell Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. A fuel cell is an equipment that operates using chemical reactions. Fuel cells use reactants, that are innocent to the surroundings and bring water as a manufactured from chemical reactions. Since hydrogen is a clean fuel which can be used in the internal combustion (IC) engine at the place of diesel fuels in transportation sector (Automobiles).Presently it’s the hydrogen is commercially produced by commercial electricity which sotly so the production cost of H2 is high. But it can be produced by solar PV and other low cost centricity production options by which the production cost of H2 can be reduced. The H2 fuel is clean and green and it can help to reduce the environmental pollution and enhance the sustainability.