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Preface
Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Plastic Waste: A Study on Bio-Oil Yield from Mixed Empty Fruit Bunch and Plastics
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Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Plastic Waste: A Study on Bio-Oil Yield from Mixed Empty Fruit Bunch and Plastics

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Abstract:

The co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste offers a promising pathway for renewable fuel production and sustainable waste management. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and polypropylene (PP) was investigated to evaluate the influence of temperature and blending ratio on product distribution. Experiments were conducted in a semi-batch reactor at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 °C with a fixed 50:50 blending ratio, and at 500 °C with varying ratios of EFB:PP (75:25, 50:50, 25:75). The results demonstrated that temperature strongly influenced product yields, with bio-oil production reaching its maximum at 500–550 °C. However, 500 °C was identified as the most favorable condition, providing high bio-oil yield more than 45% while minimizing secondary cracking and excessive gas formation. The blending ratio also played a significant role, with the 50:50 mixture producing the highest liquid yield (46.54%) due to synergistic interactions between hydrogen-rich PP and oxygen-rich EFB, which enhanced radical stabilization and suppressed char formation. At higher PP proportions, gas yields increased substantially, whereas pure PP produced high bio-oil (52.7%) with minimal char but elevated gas fractions. A comparative analysis with literature confirmed the strong influence of feedstock composition, reactor configuration, and operating conditions on product selectivity. Overall, the findings highlight that co-pyrolysis of EFB and PP at 500 °C and a 50:50 blending ratio provides an optimum balance for maximizing bio-oil production, offering a viable strategy for integrating biomass and plastic waste valorization into renewable energy pathways.

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Periodical:

Engineering Headway (Volume 38)

Pages:

3-10

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-Hnl5dy

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Online since:

June 2026

Authors:

Rahmat Iman Mainil*, Juntriman Harefa, Annisa Wulan Sari, Anita Susilawati, Afdhal Kurniawan Mainil, Apip Amrullah, Obie Farobie, Azridjal Aziz

Keywords:

Bio-Char, Bio-Oil, Co-Pyrolysis, EFB, Plastic

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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