Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 48

Abstract: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is the most commonly used restoration material because of biocompatible material. GIC is restoration material that can be attached to enamel either to dentin physicochemically. The adhesion properties of teeth to restoration have an effect on marginal adaptation. This causes different attachment values. An alternative difference in attachment can be achieved by adding bioactive glass silica material to glass ionomer cement. The formation of hydroxyapatite can be occurred by bioactive glass silica between the tooth surfaces and the restoration materials and it is been expected to reduce microleakage rates. The purpose of this study was to seen the effect of adding 5% silica nanoparticles from sea sand to the GIC on microleakage rates. In this study, silica was synthesized from sea sand by using coprecipitation method. Specimens were 20 maxillary premolars were classified into two groups which were applied GIC (n=10) and silica 5% modified GIC as restorations (n=10). The specimens were immersed in 5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, then were observed under stereomicroscope and SEM. There were a difference score microleakage and mean value of distance between silica 5% modified GIC with enamel and dentin had smaller distance, as compared to GIC.

Abstract: Introduction. Inadequate root canal preparation and obturation are potential causes of endodontic failure. Failed root canal treatment with intrinsic discoloration requires root canal re-treatment and intracoronal bleaching. Due to the extensive loss of hard tissues on occlusal area, the restoration requires intracanal retention with short fiber-reinforced composite. Case report. A 17-year-old male patient came to the Clinic of Conservative Dentistry Dental Hospital Prof. Soedomo. He reported pain and discomfort on maxillary first premolar while chewing after root canal procedure had been performed few months before. He felt unconvinience with the discoloration happened on those tooth. Patient had endodontic treatment one year ago and the tooth was restored with glass ionomer cement. Objective examination showed glass ionomer restoration was still in good condition, the tooth was sensitive to percussion but not to palpation, and showed no mobility. Periapical radiograph showed incomplete obturation with radioluscent around periapical region. Retreatment followed by intracoronal bleaching was performed under rubber dam isolation. Tooth was restored with short fiber reinforced composite and composite resin. After 3 month, patient was recalled for examine the previous sign and symptomps. Periapical radiograph showed diameter of periapical lesion was smaller and tooth functioned normally. Conclusion. Root canal retreatment and intracoronal bleaching are suitable options for teeth with failed root canal treatment and intrinsic discoloration

Abstract: Endodontic retreatment is an attempt to reachieve a healthy periapical after it was previously been carried out an inadequate or reinfected endodontic retreatment that has been filled due to the leakage of apical and coronal. One stage in this retreatment is an uptake of obturasi material using hedstrom file (H-file). The solvent material used in this endodontic retreatment is xylol. Case report. A 22-year-old male patient came to the Clinic of Conservative Dentistry Dental Hospital Prof. Soedomo, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University (UGM) wanted to treat his mandibular second right premolar (45) that has been painful since two months ago. The tooth had root canal treatment one year ago. The pain suddenly appears and disappears as soon as the patient consumes painkillers. Dental preoperative (periapical) radiograph tooth 45 showed a picture of gutta percha root canals and radiolucent images at the tip of the root of the tooth. Diagnosis of tooth 45 is non-vital tooth after root canal treatment accompanied by apical, symptomatic periodontitis. The operator performed a root canal treatment by dismantling the restoration on the occlusal part of tooth 45 and taking gutta percha using a hedstrom file followed by treatment of the root canal, crown lengthening, installation of individual formable fiber post and porcelain fused to metal crown. Conclusion. Retreatment of root canal treatment with non-surgical methods still can be conducted effectively and obtain good results with the final treatment results in smaller lesions in the apical portion of tooth 45.

Abstract: Radicular cyst is an odontogenic cyst located at the apical or lateral side of the radix, due to chronic inflammation after pulp necrose. It contains a combination of inflammatory tissue and malassez epithelial cells which extensively proliferates. Treatment options for radicular cyst are conventionally followed by surgical endodontic. The aim of study was to treat maxillary incisisor with necrotic pulp and radicular cyst. A female 35-year-old patient came to Gadjah Mada University Dental Hospital. She felt inconvenience with her broken central incisive restoration. Past dental history revealed that there was composite resin restoration that had been filled since 10 years ago and asymptomatic. Tooth vitality test shows negative results. Clinical examination showed negative results to percussion test and palpation, slight mobility was detected. Periapical radiograf showed a radiolucent area with radiopaque border around the apical teeth with diameter approximately 2.5 mm. The treatment began with step-back technique root canal treatment and lateral condensation technique obturation. Apicoectomy and enucleation were performed 4 weeks after root canal treatment. One week post-treatment control showed there was no pain detected and normal healing process happened. Conclusion: Apicoectomy and enucleation are treatment of choice for the management radicular cyst to restore tooth function.

Abstract: Introduction. Trauma injury in the oral cavity due to collisions can cause tooth fracture. Ellis class III fracture is a fracture of the crown with an open pulp. Teeth with exposed pulp will cause irritation of the pulp resulting in pulp inflammation (pulpitis). One visit pulpectomy and jacket crown with posts were carried out to achieve optimal dental functions. Case report. A 27-year-old male patient came to Dental Hospital of Universitas Gadjah Mada complained about his broken front teeth due to accident three days earlier. The crown of the maxillary right lateral incisor and the maxillary left central incisor with open pulp was seen. The tooth 11 was avulsion, which lost at the location of accident. The diagnosis of 12 and 21 were Ellis class III fracture. Initially an infiltration anaesthesia was done, followed by one visit root canal treatment (RCT). On the second visit, the teeth were asymptomatic, hence the jacket crown preparation and fiber post insertion were performed. On the third visit, a porcelain jacket crown was cemented into teeth 12 and 21. A week later the patient came for recall and no complaints were noted. Conclusion. One visit pulpectomy followed by restoration with porcelain crown and fiber posts can be undertaken to achieve the optimal functions of teeth, namely aesthetic, mastication, phonetics, and protection of supporting tissues function.

Abstract: Background: The failure of endodontic treatment caused by failure of the restoration and bacterial invation. Alongside proper chemical and mechanical preparation and hermetic obturation of the root canal system, another essential factor is ensuring a permanent and hermetically-sealed restoration following endodontic treatment. Endodontic retreatment encompasses the efforts to salvage a failing previously endodontically treated tooth. As a result of advances in endodontic materials and adhesive systems, restorations in the form of fiber post and adhesively cemented crown are becoming a choice in cases of teeth that have extensive damage. Case: A case is presented a 45-year-old female was referred to Prof. Soedomo Dental Hospital with a complaint of pain in mandibular second premolar which was earlier endodontically treated. Clinical and radiographic examinations showed damaged restorations, gutta percha filling that are not hermetic and radiolucent on periapical. A successful endodontic retreatment premolar using rotary retreatment file and preparation with crown down technique using rotary progressive multiple tapering file, with comprehensive endo-prosthetic treatment using prefabricated fiber post and porcelain fused to metal crown. Conclusion: Clinical and radiographic evaluation after 6 months showed complete healing and good adaptation of the restoration. The outcomes of this case showed that failure of endodontic retreatment respond favorably to endodontic retreatment, with proper indication, prefabricated fiber post and porcelain fused to metal crown can provide an effective conservative and esthetic option for reinforcing endodontically treated teeth.

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of black cumin extract (Nigella sativa) on the process of wound healing in tooth extraction sockets. Material and Methods: This study involved 24 patients from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery grouped into the control and treatment groups. After extracting the first or second molar left or right in adult patients, the black cumin extractwas applied to the socket in the treatment group as soon as possible while it was not applied in the control group. The sockets were divided into 1,2,3 groups, which were treated as black cumin extracts of 10%, 12%, and 14% respectively. On day 1,3,7, patients were recalled and sockets size were calculated to analyze wound healing. Results: Black cumin was found to be able to make the wound healing faster in the treatment group when compared to the control group. Although the effect was not immediately apparent on the second day, on the seventh day the group treated with black cumin extract had a smaller sizing average compared to the control group. The concentration of 12% black cumin extract was found to have the best effect on wound healing. Significance of findings: Black cumin extract can make wound healing in tooth extraction sockets in patients.

Abstract: The prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) was reported quite high in several countries, including Indonesia. Many studies had reported the relationship between sIgA level and ECC. However, the results obtained were not consistent due to the cross-sectional method used in examining sIgA. Therefore the purpose of this study was to analyze the occurence of ECC and sIgA level after 9 months of observation in children aged 2 years and below. The research was observational analytic with a cohort design for 9 months. The sample size was 68 caries-free children under 2 years old, who had at least 2 erupted primary upper incisors. Subjects were taken through purposive sampling from community health center in Medan. The sIgA examination was carried out 3 times, which were at the beginning of the month, at the 3rd and 9th month. The sIgA examination used the ELISA sandwich method and been read at 450 nm using a microplate reader. Caries examination was based on AAPD criteria. Data analysis used independent t-test, Spearman correlation, and longitudinal analysis used general estimating equation (linear) test. The significant value was defined as p<0.05. The results showed that caries-free children had higher sIgA level compared to children with ECC (p=0.003). Spearman correlation test results between the deft score and sIgA level showed a significant correlation (p = 0.006) with r value = -0.33.The higher the child's deft, the lower his/her sIgA level. It was concluded that caries-free children have effective sIgA defense functions in dealing with bacterial infections that cause caries so that salivary sIgA level were found to be higher in caries-free children compared to children with ECC.

Abstract: Punica granatum (PG) contained anthocyanin, the chemical compound that played significant role in increasing bone cell proliferabbitsion and osteoblasts differentiation in bone remodelling. This research was aimed at measuring the effect of Punica granatum on maxilla bone remodelling relating to the profile of both osteoblast and osteoclast. Punica granatum was extracted by using butanol while the analysis of bone remodelling was conducted by observing the profile of osteoblast and osteoclast cells using histopathologic method. Butanol hydrogel of Punica granatum was abled to enhance bone reabsorption which was proven by the increase of osteoclast and new bone formation since the osteoblast was presented. Moreover, bone remodelling activity was characterised by increased collagen fibres and osteocyte cell, in addition, bone shape compactness was getting better. Statistical analysis revealed that the histoscore profile of osteoblast was influenced by butanol fraction dosage with significance level (p<0.05) which was at medium criteria according to Pearson correlation (r=0,6). While the effect of dosage on osteoclast was at significance level (p<0.05) but was poorly correlated with (r=0.01) and osteoblast frequency was dominant at the concentrabbitsion of 125 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml. On the other hand, at the concentrabbitsion of 175 mg/ml osteoclast presentation was found to be more dominant. The fraction of butanol PG was abled to induce osteoblast increment and osteoclast at the concentrabbitsion of (mg/ml) 125, 175, and 250 and accelerabbitse the remodelling of alveolar maxilla.