Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 46

Abstract: The efficacy of pathogenetic correction of metabolism in 211 patients with diaphyseal hip and shin bones fractures had been analyzed. Patients were divided into the main and control groups. Intravenous infusions of 1.5% sodium meglumine succinate solution were administered, and infusion therapy with isotonic solution to the patients of the comparison group. The parameters of functional activity and peripheral blood dates had been analyzed. In the perioperative period main group provide better physical component of the life quality and blood parameters functional recovery.

Abstract: This work is dedicated to the increase of quality of patientstherapy during the execution of totalcementlessendoprosthetics of hip joint due to the prophylactics and early diagnostic of endoprosthesis components instability. Clinical material of this work includes the examination and treatment of 120 patients operated by the method of total cementlessendoprosthetics of hip joint. On the basis of computer tomography the dynamic evaluation of quantity characteristics of iliac and gluteus muscles was conducted in cases of patients with osteoarthrosis in terms from 6 to 12 months after endoprosthesis. The integral index of ileac and gluteus muscles condition was developed. Also the consistent pattern of this index change and CT picture of paraarticular muscles was revealed on the background of favorable progress of post-surgical period and the development of possible instability of hip joints endoprosthetics components.

Abstract: In this article there are presented materials regarding problems of infectious complications, that appear as the result of formation of microbial biofilms, which is especially actual in medical practice nowadays because of wide usage of different invasive materials in surgical and traumatological and orthopedical departments of clinics. Classifications, which are based on works of many authors, of surgical infections are given, and also of pathogens, known nowadays, of which Staphylococcus aureus и S. epidermidis are superior. Stages of process and laboratory-experimental proven time intervals and special features of biofilm’s formation are determined, which points to an importance and perspectivity of prophylaxis of infectious complications at moments of contaminations and primary adhesion. In light of usage in implantational surgery of constantly advancing materials, the contemplation is necessary of biofilmforming features of known pathogenic and opportunistic bacterias and potentially dangerous, in particular, pathogens that lead to generalization of process.

Abstract: The detailed study devoted to instrumental diagnostic methods of bone tissue research was performed by authors. The main idea which is the basis for this work is the analysis and study of X-ray methods for examining bone tissue, highlighting their advantages. As a result of the work, we analyzed published scientific data in Russian and foreign literary sources, which addresses many instrumental methods of bone tissue research. After experiments a detailed description of the most common research methods related to the study of bone tissue was given, its structure and other functions. Analysis of the modern scientific data has shown that there is a great need to know the instrumental methods for studying human organs and systems, and their more accurate possibilities for identifying pathological processes, which will permit the use of the research method that in any particular case will be the most informative, which would provide timely diagnosis and its accuracy.

Abstract: This study focuses on problems of treatment of proximal humeral fractures occurring against the background of osteoporosis. It presents statistics on osteoporosis and lower energy trauma among patients in the Russian Federation and abroad. The high susceptibility to osteoporotic changes in the bone structure of the male population of Russia compared to the global statistics of osteoporosis among men was emphasized. The main classifications used in the clinical practice of orthopedists and traumatologists allow to identify the type of fracture by clinical and anatomical basis and to structure the existing patient management tactics to achieve the most optimal result of treatment and restoration of limb function. There is an analysis of publications representing various methods of fracture treatment, which helps to use the most optimal methods of relevant fractures treatment.

Abstract: The detailed research and analysis of modern data on the problem of methods of histological and immunohistochemical researches of connective tissue, bone in particular, was conducted by us so as to evaluate the possibility of creating a single method of bone tissue immunohistochemical analysis.The description was given in detail to most widespread methods of preparation of connective, bone in particular, tissues for the research conduction during experiments connected with the study of bone tissue regeneration including implants with bioactive coverage. The present-day medical data reflects a variety of methods of immunohistochemistry, as well as the experience of their use in complex trauma surgery. However, there is no consensus about which method and material are most reliable when conducting this analysis.

Abstract: The goal of our research is clinical-experimental justification of differentiated application of osteosynthesis methodicsand application of cannulated screw with bioactive coverage on the basis of natural hydroxiapatitefor patients of old and senile age with the medial fracture of femur’s neck (MFFN) with taking into account the stability grade of fracture by Pauwels classification and motional activity of patients before trauma. The present research is based upon clinical observation of 110 old and senile patients with supcapital and transcervical femur’s neck fractures. With the purpose of scientific justification and detailed research of different types of MFFN osteosynthses experimental stand tests were conducted with the use of cannulated screws and methodic of vertical ostesynthesis by H. Kuntscher for determining and comparison of density and strength of experimental systems “fixator-bone” in static regime over MFFN models. Cannulated screws with bioactive coverage on the basis of natural hydroxyapatite were applied for 16 patients among all operated by us. Time of rehabilitation of supporting and motional functions of the limb has been decreased by using these implants among patients with grades I and II (by Pauwels classification). Thanks to osteoinductive and osteoconductive features of bioactive coverage on the basis of natural hydroxyapatite, rehabilitation of operated limb’s function was conducted in shorter terms and faster rate. For the purpose of obtaining the dynamic stability of osteosynthesis and conduction of accelerated rehabilitation cannulated cervical screw was developed and applied in practice. This screw is different in the design of spiral part and the presence on its surface of bioactive coverage on the basis of natural hydroxyapatite.

Abstract: Problems ofdevelopment of purulent septic complications in vascular surgery during the usage of synthetic prosthetics for shunting and arterial prosthetics are described in this work.Leading factors of development of prosthetic infection are described. Specialties of diagnostics and bacteriological researches wound discharge of wound’s discharge are shown. Tactics of complex treatment of patients with prosthetic infection are presented. This work is dedicated to the experimental researchof proliferative activityof the most encountered opportunistic microorganisms found from the patients of vascular surgery profile with purulent septical complications under the influence of bifidobacteriumbifidium’sexometabolites. Presented results proof the submission of proliferative activity of the most widespread antibiotic-resistant hospital’s isolates under the influence of bifidobacteriumbifidium’sexometabolites.Evaluation during the experiment in vitro of the influence of bifidobacteriumbifidium’sexometabolites on proliferative activityof opportunistic microorganisms.

Abstract: This work is devoted to studying the reaction of bone tissue to installed titanium implants, which are bioinert in comparison with other metals used in traumatological and orthopedic practice, but which have a negative effect on bone tissue in the implant-to-bone area. In order to increase the affinity of the implant surface with bone tissue, it was proposed to use synthetic bioactive calcium phosphate mineral coating by applying it on titanium implants, which ultimately will make it possible to maintain the quality of the bone tissue around the implant after osteosynthesis or prosthetics. During the comparative research an in vivo experiment was conducted in which quality change of peri-implant zone of bone tissue when using titanium implants with synthetic bioactive calcium phosphate mineral coating and titanium implants without bioactive coating was analyzed. To analyze the results of the study, we used the X-ray computed tomography method, for a detailed assessment of the X-ray density and bone mineral density of the peri-implant zone. According to the results of the experiment, it was concluded that the reaction of bone tissue to synthetic bioactive calcium phosphate mineral coating of titanium implants was reduced, what ensures the preservation of bone tissue quality in the postoperative period at a high level.

Abstract: The trauma of the anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most prevalent kinds of trauma among sportsmen. It is necessary to determine the degree of trauma of the ligament as accurately as possible which will allow appointing the optimal tactic of treatment. But nowadays there are a lot of different kinds of conservative and surgical treatment and also various complexes of rehabilitation. In this work authors introduce analysis and systematization of modern methods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with injuries of anterior cruciate ligament with the goal to study evolution and modern condition of tactical and technological ways of rehabilitation of patients with injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament.