Potential of Vanillin-Enhanced Adhesive to Reduce Cariogenic Biofilm

Sroisiri Thaweboon; Takashi Saito; Arthit Klaophimai; Boonyanit Thaweboon

doi:10.4028/p-mO08xo

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Potential of Vanillin-Enhanced Adhesive to Reduce Cariogenic Biofilm
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HomeJournal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and...Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and...Potential of Vanillin-Enhanced Adhesive to Reduce...

Potential of Vanillin-Enhanced Adhesive to Reduce Cariogenic Biofilm

Abstract:

This investigation assessed how incorporating vanillin into a dental adhesive influences bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Experimental adhesives, formulated with 0.5% and 1.0% vanillin, were compared against a vanillin-free adhesive and a control using a multi-species biofilm model. No significant differences in bacterial adhesion were observed across the groups, with optical density (OD) values ranging from 0.28 to 0.40. In contrast, adhesives containing vanillin demonstrated a marked reduction in biofilm formation. After 48 hours, the strongest inhibition was recorded for the 1.0% vanillin adhesive (0.63 ± 0.07), followed by the 0.5% vanillin adhesive (0.77 ± 0.04), which were significantly lower than the vanillin-free (1.19 ± 0.08) and control (1.68 ± 0.05) groups. While biofilm accumulation increased in all groups by 72 hours, the vanillin-containing adhesives consistently maintained lower values than the controls. A concentration-dependent effect was confirmed by percent reduction analysis, which showed the 1.0% vanillin adhesive lowered biofilm by 62.5% at 48 hours and 45.0% at 72 hours. Vanillin also suppressed acidogenicity, as reflected by significantly higher culture medium pH values that remained near neutral at both 48 and 72 h, while the vanillin-free adhesive and control dropped below the critical pH 5.5 threshold. These findings suggest that vanillin effectively suppresses biofilm development without impacting bacterial adhesion, potentially serving as a natural additive to enhance the antibacterial properties of dental adhesives and minimize the risk of secondary caries.