Surface Characterization of Titanium Dental Implant after Long-Term Implantation

Abstract:

The long-term performance of dental implants relies on material stability and sustained osseointegration. This study analyzed titanium implant after six years of clinical function and compared it with unused implants to assess surface integrity. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to evaluate morphology and elemental composition, while surface roughness was measured to detect changes. SEM showed direct bone attachment, and EDX confirmed calcium, phosphorus, sodium, oxygen, and carbon associated with osseointegration. Roughness values increased slightly due to adherent bone tissue, but no evidence of surface wear or degradation was observed. These results demonstrate that titanium maintains chemical stability, biocompatibility, and reliability for long-term dental implant applications.

• Periodical: Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Volume 72)
• Pages: 57-63
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-y8br5R
• Online since: May 2026
• Authors: Eko Budiyanto, Kusmono Kusmono*, Rini Dharmastiti, Maria Goreti Widiastuti
• Keywords: EDX, FE-SEM, Osseointegration, Surface Characterization, Surface Roughness, Titanium Dental Implant

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