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Compaction Behavior of Stainless Steel/Carbamide Mixtures in Porous Scaffold Fabrication via Space Holder Method

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Abstract:

The medical grade 316L stainless steel has been widely used for biomedical implants, including bone tissue engineering scaffolds due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The space holder method offers a promising approach to producing highly porous 316L stainless steel scaffolds. However, several challenges in the implementation of this method remain unresolved, particularly the difficulties in controlling the geometrical changes of space holder particles during the compaction of stainless steel/carbamide powder mixtures, leading to inability to control pore characteristics of the scaffolds produced. In this study, the compaction behavior of stainless steel/carbamide powder mixtures was investigated to understand the interactions between metal particles and space holder particles in the preparation of porous stainless steel scaffolds. The impacts of key process parameters on the green density, such as the specific net energy applied during the process and the yield pressure derived from loading-unloading compression cycles, were analyzed with the aid of the Heckel model. The study provides useful insights into these relationships, facilitating the optimization of the compaction process to achieve desired scaffold architecture and contributing to consistent fabrication of porous 316L stainless steel scaffolds.

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Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 73 View Preview

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Periodical:

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Volume 73)

Pages:

113-121

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7wWG1w

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

July 2026

Authors:

Ajie Prasojo, Muslim Mahardika, Rini Dharmastiti, Jie Zhou, Budi Arifvianto*

Keywords:

Compaction, Powder Metallurgy, Scaffold, Space Holder Method, Stainless Steel 316L

Funder:

The publication of this article was funded by the Delft University of Technology 10.13039/501100001831

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Creative Commons CC BY 4.0

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* - Corresponding Author

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