Paper Titles
Synthesis and Characterization of Alpha-Origin Chitosan from Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) Indicus Exoskeleton Waste
p.65
Silver Nanoparticle-Modified PVA/BС Hydrogels: A Path toward Stable and Functional Biomaterials
p.79
Impact of Synthesis Temperature on the Drug Loading Capacity of Linde Type A Zeolite
p.97
Compaction Behavior of Stainless Steel/Carbamide Mixtures in Porous Scaffold Fabrication via Space Holder Method
p.113
Preparation and Printing Failure Analysis of Polycaprolactone – Magnesium – Hydroxyapatite Filaments for FDM 3D Printing
p.123
Biomimetic Design of Artificial Hip Joints Inspired by the Surface of Turtle Shells and Armadillo Scales
p.133
Finite Element Analysis of Mandibular Implants with Variations in Hole Pattern and Cortical Thickness under Axial Loads
p.149
A Hybrid Human–Vehicle Dynamic Model for Motion Sickness Estimation in Intelligent Driving Scenarios
p.171
Redesign of the Protaper Next X2 Rotary Endodontic Instrument
p.189

Redesign of the Protaper Next X2 Rotary Endodontic Instrument

Article Preview

Abstract:

Rotary endodontic instruments are extensively utilized in root canal procedures for the removal of infected pulp tissue. These instruments are typically fabricated from nickel–titanium (NiTi) alloy, which possesses superelastic properties that enable effective navigation through curved root canals. Nevertheless, this superelasticity hinders the early detection of fatigue or fracture, thereby elevating the risk of instrument failure during clinical use. The present study aims to assess the axial stress, strain, total deformation, and fatigue life of the ProTaper Next X2 rotary endodontic file and its modified designs through the application of the finite element method (FEM). The instruments were redesigned using computer-aided design (CAD) software and subsequently analyzed with ANSYS simulation software. Evaluation parameters included von Mises stress, strain distribution, total deformation, and fatigue life. The findings were employed to compare the original and modified designs to determine an optimal structural configuration for rotary endodontic instruments.

You might also be interested in these eBooks
Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 73 View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Volume 73)

Pages:

189-199

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-EX5AZa

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

July 2026

Authors:

Syifa Nur Wakhidah, Rachmat Sriwijaya*, Yusron Maulana Putra, Wignyo Hadriyanto

Keywords:

ANSYS, Endodontic, Finite Element Method, Protaper

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] Asha K., Ghivari S., Pujar M., Sait S. NiTi rotary system in endodontics – An overview. IP Indian J. Conserv. Endod. 8 (2023) 128–33.

DOI: 10.18231/j.ijce.2023.025

Google Scholar

[2] Aparicio J.A, Mendez SPM, Malvicini G, Grandini S, Gaeta C, García Guerrero AP, et al. Multimodal evaluation of three NiTi rotary systems: Clinical simulation, mechanical testing, and finite element analysis. Dent. J. 13(8) (2025) 368.

DOI: 10.3390/dj13080368

Google Scholar

[3] Srivastava S. Root canal instrumentation: Current trends and future perspectives. Cureus. 16(4) (2024) e58045.

Google Scholar

[4] Abdellatif D., Iandolo A., Scorziello M., Sangiovanni G., Pisano M. Cyclic fatigue of different Ni-Ti endodontic rotary file alloys: A comprehensive review. Bioeng. (Basel). 11(5) (2024) 499.

DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050499

Google Scholar

[5] Agrawal P.R, Chandak M., Nikhade P.P., Patel A.S., Bhopatkar J.K. Revolutionizing endodontics: Advancements in nickel–titanium instrument surfaces. J. Conserv. Dent. Endod. 27(2) (2024) 126–33.

DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_248_23

Google Scholar

[6] Gavini G., Santos M.D., Caldeira C.L., Machado M.E., Freire L.G., Iglecias E.F., et al. Nickel–titanium instruments in endodontics: a concise review of the state of the art. Braz. Oral Res. 32 (2018) e67.

DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0067

Google Scholar

[7] Larsen C.M., Watanabe I., Glickman G.N., He J. Cyclic fatigue analysis of a new generation of nickel–titanium rotary instruments. J. Endod. 35(3) (2009) 401–3.

DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.12.010

Google Scholar

[8] Ruiz-Sánchez C., Faus-Matoses V., Alegre-Domingo T., Faus-Matoses I., Faus-Llácer V.J. An in vitro cyclic fatigue resistance comparison of conventional and new generation nickel–titanium rotary files. J. Clin. Exp. Dent. 10(8) (2018) e805–9.

DOI: 10.4317/jced.55091

Google Scholar

[9] Rao A.S., Surana M.A., Shah N., Pawar A.M. A nationwide cross-sectional study on endodontic instrument fractures and development of a comprehensive classification system. J Conserv. Dent. Endod. 28(9) (2025) 916–24.

DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_307_25

Google Scholar

[10] Pham V.K. Dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi instruments in a double-curved stainless steel canal with variable distances of displacement. Front Mater. 10 (2023) 1181356.

DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2023.1181356

Google Scholar

[11] Pedullà E., Lo Savio F., Boninelli S., Plotino G., Grande N.M., Rapisarda E, et al. Influence of cyclic torsional preloading on cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel–titanium instruments. Int. Endod. J. 48(11) (2015) 1043–50.

DOI: 10.1111/iej.12400

Google Scholar

[12] Shen Y., Zhou H.M., Zheng Y.F., Peng B., Haapasalo M. Current challenges and concepts of the thermomechanical treatment of nickel–titanium instruments. J. Endod. 39(2) (2013)163-72.

DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.005

Google Scholar

[13] Plotino G., Grande N.M., Cotti E., Testarelli L., Gambarini G. Blue treatment enhances cyclic fatigue resistance of Vortex nickel–titanium rotary files. J. Endod. 40(9) (2014) 1451–3.

DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.020

Google Scholar

[14] Shivakumar S., Kudagi V.S., Talwade P. Applications of finite element analysis in dentistry: A review. J. Int. Oral Health. 13(5) (2021) 415–22.

DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_11_21

Google Scholar

[15] Di Russo F.M., Zanza A., Gisario A., Natali S., Ruta G., Testarelli L. FEM analysis of NiTi rotary endodontic instruments to fatigue stress conditions: Influence of geometrical parameters and design optimization. Procedia Struct. Integr. 47 (2023) 765–81.

DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.07.042

Google Scholar

[16] Morakul S., Hiran-us S., Singhatanadgid P. Finite element analysis of the mechanical behaviors of endodontic nickel–titanium rotary files: A review. Eng. J. 27(8) (2023) 29–49.

DOI: 10.4186/ej.2023.27.8.29

Google Scholar

[17] Reddy M.S., Sundram R., Abdemagyd H.A.E. Application of finite element model in implant dentistry: A systematic review. J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci. 11(Suppl 2) (2019) S85–91.

DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_296_18

Google Scholar

[18] Montalvão D., Shengwen Q., Freitas M. A study on the influence of Ni–Ti M-Wire in the flexural fatigue life of endodontic rotary files by using finite element analysis. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 40 (2014) 172–9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.061

Google Scholar

[19] Dentsply Sirona Endodontic. (2025, October 8). ProTaper Next® Flexible performance. https://assets.dentsplysirona.com/dentsply/web/Endodontics/global-page-templates-assets/download-pdf%27s/protaper-next/PTN%20Brochure%20ROW%20EN.pdf.

Google Scholar

[20] Ramírez-Muñoz, A., Escribano-Capdevila, M., Navarrete, N., Vieira, G. C., Salamanca-Ramos, M., Ortolani-Seltenerich, P. S., ... & Pérez, A. R. Comparative Micro-CT analysis of minimally invasive endodontic systems using 3D-Printed replicas and natural teeth. Materials, 17(21) (2024) 5279.

DOI: 10.3390/ma17215279

Google Scholar

[21] Alghamdi, B., Al-Habib, M., Alsulaiman, M., Bahanan, L., Alrahlah, A., Bautista, L. S., ... & Alsofi, L. Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Shaping Ability of Vortex Blue and TruNatomyTM Ni-Ti Rotary Systems. Crystals, 14(11) (2024) 980.

DOI: 10.3390/cryst14110980

Google Scholar