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Green Synthesis and Characterization of Ag@TiO₂ Core–Shell Nanoparticles with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

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Abstract:

Ag@TiO₂ core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through an environmentally benign, two-step method utilizing Aloe vera extract as a natural reducing and capping agent. Structural and morphological characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the successful formation of spherical core-shell structures with a size range of 10-40 nm. Optical analysis revealed a wide bandgap of 4.8 eV, indicative of quantum confinement effects. While electrokinetic measurements suggested moderate colloidal stability (zeta potential near 0 mV), the nanoparticles exhibited potent, strain-dependent antimicrobial activity. Notably, they demonstrated superior efficacy against Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis (32 mm inhibition zone) compared to Gram-negative Escherichia coli (21 mm inhibition zone). This green synthesis route presents a sustainable strategy for producing antibacterial nanoparticles with enhanced activity against Gram-positive pathogens.

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Journal of Nano Research Vol. 91 View Preview

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Periodical:

Journal of Nano Research (Volume 91)

Pages:

103-113

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-jt5aIc

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Online since:

March 2026

Authors:

Bilal K. Al-Rawi*, Omar A. Ahmad, Mohammed A. M. Al Saadi, Sendian Kh. Omar

Keywords:

Aloe Vera, Antibacterial Activity, Core-Shell, Green Synthesis, Nanoparticle, Silver, Titanium Dioxide

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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