Sol-Gel Process for Proton Exchange Membranes

Article Preview

Abstract:

The sol-gel process has been used to modify the electrolyte membrane used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Recent progress is reported in the synthesis of hybrid membranes involving Nafion®. These membranes have been prepared by infiltration and recasting, and contain silicates, phosphosilicates, zirconium phosphosilicates, titanosilicates, or phosphotungstates.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Info:

Periodical:

Pages:

159-168

Citation:

Online since:

October 2008

Authors:

Export:

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Permissions PLS:

Сopyright:

© 2009 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

[1] M. Wakizoe, O. A. Velev, S. Srinivasan: Electrochimica Acta Vol. 40 (1995) p.335.

Google Scholar

[2] M. Ciureanu, H. Wang: J. Electrochemical Soc. Vol. 146 (1999) p.4031.

Google Scholar

[3] S. J. Lee, S. Murkerjee, E. A. Ticianelli, J. McBreen: Electrochimica Acta Vol. 44 (1999) p.3283.

Google Scholar

[4] M. C. Denis, G. Lalande, D. Guay, J. P. Dodelet, R. Schulz: J. Applied Electrochemistry Vol. 29 (1999) p.951.

DOI: 10.1023/a:1003505123872

Google Scholar

[5] K. D. Kreuer: Solid State Ionics Vol. 97 (1997) p.1.

Google Scholar

[6] A. M. Herring: Polymer Reviews Vol. 46 (2006), p.245.

Google Scholar

[7] T. Thampan, S. Malhotra, H. Tang, R. Datta: J. Electrochemical Soc. Vol. 147 (2000) p.3242.

Google Scholar

[8] T. D. Gierke, G. E. Munn, F. C. Wilson: J. Polymer Science Vol. 19 (1981) p.1687.

Google Scholar

[9] T. Okada, G. Xie, O. Gorseth, S. Kjelstrup, N. Nakamura, T. Arimura: Electrochimica Acta Vol. 43 (1998) p.3741.

DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00132-7

Google Scholar

[10] N. H. Jalani, K. Dunn, R. Datta: Electrochimica Acta Vol. 51 (2005) p.553.

Google Scholar

[11] T. M. Thampan, N. H. Jalani, P. Choi, R. Datta: J. Electrochem. Soc. Vol. 152 (2005) p. A316.

Google Scholar

[12] K. A. Mauritz: Materials Science and Engineering Vol. C6 (1998) p.121.

Google Scholar

[13] K. A. Mauritz: Macromolecules Vol. 22 (1989) p.1730.

Google Scholar

[14] I. D. Stefanithis and K. A. Mauritz: Macromolecules Vol. 23 (1990) p.2397.

Google Scholar

[15] K. A. Mauritz, I. D. Stefanithis, S. V. Davis, R. W. Scheetz, R. K. Pope, G. L. Wilkes, H. H. Huang: J. Applied Polymer Science Vol. 55 (1995) p.181.

Google Scholar

[16] Q. Deng, Y. Hu, R. B. Moore, C. L. McCormick, K. A. Mauritz: Chemistry of Materials Vol. 9 (1997) p.36.

Google Scholar

[17] W. Apichatachutapan, R. B. Moore, K. A. Mauritz: J. Applied Polymer Science Vol. 62 (1996) p.417.

Google Scholar

[18] P. L. Shao, K. A. Mauritz, R. B. Moore: Chemistry of Materials Vol. 7 (1995) p.192.

Google Scholar

[19] P. L. Shao, K. A. Mauritz, R. B. Moore: J. Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics Vol. 34 (1996) p.873.

Google Scholar

[20] Q. Deng, R. B. Moore, K. A. Mauritz: Chemistry of Materials Vol. 7 (1995) p.2259.

Google Scholar

[21] Q. Deng, W. Jarrett, R. B. Moore, K. A. Mauritz: J. Sol-Gel Science & Technology Vol. 7 (1996) p.177.

Google Scholar

[22] Q. Deng, K. M. Cable, R. B. Moore, K. A. Mauritz: J. Polymer Science: Part B: Polymer Physics Vol. 34 (1996) p. (1917).

Google Scholar

[23] Q. Deng, C. A. Wilkie, R. B. Moore, K. A. Mauritz: Polymer Vol. 39 (1998) p.5961.

Google Scholar

[24] R. A. Zoppi, I. V. P. Yoshida, S. P. Nunes: Polymer Vol. 39 (1997) p.1309.

Google Scholar

[25] R. A. Zoppi, S. P. Nunes: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry Vol. 445 (1998) p.39.

Google Scholar

[26] M. Nogami, K. Miyamura, Y. Abe: J. Electrochemical Soc. Vol. 144 (1997) p.2175.

Google Scholar

[27] M. Nogami, R. Nagao, W. Cong, Y. Abe: J. Sol-Gel Science & Technology Vol. 13 (1998) p.933.

DOI: 10.1023/a:1008635626256

Google Scholar

[28] M. Aparicio, L. C. Klein: J. Sol-Gel Science & Tech. Vol. 28 (2003) p.199.

Google Scholar

[29] M. Aparicio, F. Damay, L. C. Klein: J. Sol-Gel Science & Tech. Vol. 26 (2003) p.1055.

Google Scholar

[30] F. Damay, L. C. Klein: Solid State Ionics Vol. 162/163 (2003) p.261.

Google Scholar

[31] Y. Daiko, L. C. Klein, M. Nogami, in: MRS Vol. 822: Nanostructured Materials In Alternative Energy Devices, edited by E. R. Leite, J. M. Tarascon, Y. M. Chiang, E. M. Kelder EM, Materials Research Soc., Warrendale, PA (2004) pp.153-159.

Google Scholar

[32] Y. Daiko, T. Kasuga, M. Nogami: Chemistry of Materials Vol. 11 (2002) p.4624.

Google Scholar

[33] T. Uma and M. Nogami: J. New Materials for Electrochemical Systems Vol. 10 (2007) p.75.

Google Scholar

[34] F. Damay, L. C. Klein in: MRS Vol. 733E: Polymer Nanocomposites, edited by S. R. Nutt, R. A. Vaia, W. Rodgers, G. L. Hagenauer, G. W. Beall, Materials Research Soc., Warrendale, PA (2002) pp. T. 1. 2. 1-6.

Google Scholar

[35] M. Aparicio, L. C. Klein: J. Electrochemical Soc. Vol. 152 (2005) p. A493.

Google Scholar

[36] M. L. Di Vona, Z. Ahmed, S. Bellitto, A. Lenci, E. Traversa, S. Licoccia: J. Membrane Science Vol. 296 (2007) p.156.

Google Scholar

[37] S. N. Xue and G. P. Yin: Polymer Vol. 47 (2006) p.5044.

Google Scholar

[38] M. Aparicio and A. Duran: J. Sol-Gel Science & Technology Vol. 31 (2004) p.103.

Google Scholar

[39] M. Aparicio, E. Lecoq, Y. Castro, A. Duran: J. Sol-Gel Science & Technology Vol. 34 (2005) p.233.

Google Scholar

[40] M. Aparicio, J. Mosa, F. Sanchez, A. Duran: J. Power Sources Vol. 151 (2005) p.57.

Google Scholar

[41] M. Aparicio, J. Mosa, A. Etienne, A. Duran: J. Power Sources Vol. 145 (2005) p.231.

Google Scholar

[42] B. P. Ladewig, R. B. Knott, A. J. Hill, J. D. Riches, J. W. White, D. J. Martin, J. C. D. da Costa, G. Q. Lu: Chemistry of Materials Vol. 19 (2007) p.2372.

Google Scholar

[43] Y. Daiko, K. Katagiri, K. Ogura, M. Sakai, A. Matsuda: Solid State Ionics Vol. 178 (2007) p.601.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2007.01.021

Google Scholar

[44] M. Aparicio, L. C. Klein, K. T. Adjemian, A. B. Bocarsly, in: Ceramic Transactions 127: Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, edited by A. Manthiram, P. Kumta, S. K. Sundaram, G. Ceder, American Ceramic Soc., Westerville, OH (2002).

DOI: 10.1002/9781118370858

Google Scholar

[45] A. K. Sahu, G. Selvarani, S. Pitchumani, P. Sridhar, A. K. Shukla: J. Applied Electrochemistry Vol. 37 (2007) p.913.

Google Scholar

[46] K. Sahu, G. Selvarani, S. Pitchumani, P. Sridhar, A. K. Shukla: J. Electrochemical Soc. Vol. 154 (2007) p. B123.

Google Scholar