Effect of Partial Replacement of Silica with Raw and Modified Bentonite on the Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Composites

Abstract:

Modified bentonite (M-BNT) was prepared by treating raw bentonite (BNT) with NaCl, tetradecyldimethylamine chloride salt and coco diethanolamide. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy showed intercalation of the organic modifiers into the layers of M-BNT. The effect of partially replacing silica with BNT and M-BNT on the tensile properties of natural rubber (NR) composites was investigated. Results showed that 15 phr M-BNT, as well as 10/5 phr silica/BNT mixture filler, imparted great improvement in the tensile modulus and stresses at 100, 200 and 300% strain of NR composites. Moreover, 10/2.5/2.5 and 2.5/10/2.5 phr silica/M-BNT/BNT mixture filler gave the NR composites high tensile strength and elongation at break relative to unfilled NR. Contour plots showed that tensile properties of NR composites decreased with increasing amount of BNT.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 705)
• Pages: 14-18
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.705.14
• Online since: August 2016
• Authors: Mark Rigel R. Ali*, Bryan B. Pajarito
• Keywords: Bentonite, Mixture Filler, Natural Rubber, Silica, Tensile Properties

References

[1] M. Hernandez, T.A. Ezguerra, M.A. López-Manchado, Effects of orientation on the segmental dynamics of natural rubber, Mater. Sci. Forum, 714 (2012) 57-61.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.714.57

[2] M. Arroyo, M.A. López-Manchado. B. Herrero, Organo-montmorillonite as substitute of carbon black in natural rubber compounds, Polymer, 44 (2003) 2447-2453.

DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00090-9

[3] L. Bokobza, J.P. Chauvin, Reinforcement of natural rubber: use of in situ generated silicas and nanofibres of sepiolite, Polymer, 46 (2005) 4144-4151.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.048

[4] H. Ismail, M. Mathialagan, Comparative study on the effect of partial replacement of silica or calcium carbonate by bentonite on the properties of EPDM composites, Polym. Test., 31 (2012) 199-208.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.09.002

[5] S.H. Xu, J. Gu, Y.F. Luo, D.M. Jia, Effects of partial replacement of silica with surface modified nanocrystalline cellulose on properties of natural rubber nanocomposites, eXPRESS Polymer Letters, 6 (2012) 14-25.

DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.3

[6] M. Alexandre, P. Dubois, Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials, Mater. Sci. Eng., 28 (2000) 1-63.

DOI: 10.1016/s0927-796x(00)00012-7

[7] S. Varghese, J. Karger-Kocsis, Natural rubber-based nanocomposites by latex compounding with layered silicates, Polymer, 44 (2003) 4921-4927.

DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00480-4

[8] J.C. Dai, J.T. Huang, Surface modification of clays and clay-rubber composite, Appl. Clay Sci., 15 (1999) 51-65.

DOI: 10.1016/s0169-1317(99)00020-4

[9] Y. Wang, L. Zhang, C. Tang, D. Yu, Preparation and characterization of rubber-clay nanocomposites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 78 (2000) 1879-1883.

DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20001209)78:11<1879::aid-app50>3.0.co;2-1

[10] Z. Gu, L. Gao, G. Song, W. Liu, P. Li, C. Shan, Octadecylammonium montmorillonite/natural rubber/cis-1, 4-polybutadiene nanocomposites, Appl. Clay Sci., 50 (2010) 143-147.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2010.07.017

[11] A. Das, K.W. Stöckelhuber, R. Jurk, D. Jehnichen, G. Heinrich, A general approach to rubber-montmorillonite nanocomposites: intercalation of stearic acid, Appl. Clay Sci., 51 (2011) 117-125.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2010.11.012

[12] J.A. Cornell, Experiments with Mixtures: Design, Models, and the Analysis of Mixture Data, 3rd edition, Wiley, New York, (2002).

[13] W.D. Callister, D.G. Rethwisch, Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering : An Integrated Approach (2012).

[14] J. Coates, Interpretation of infrared spectra, a practical approach, Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry (2000), pp.10815-10837.

[15] T.A. Witten, M. Rubinstein, R.H. Colby, Reinforcement of rubber by fractal aggregates, J. Phys. II, 3 (1993) 367-383.

DOI: 10.1051/jp2:1993138