Effect of Electrolyte Concentration on Electrochemical Properties of Zinc Hexacyanoferrate Electrode in Zinc-Ion Batteries

Abstract:

The aqueous rechargeable zinc ion battery (ARZIB) system has been actively studied in the field of energy storage. Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are considered effective cathode materials in the ARZIB system. In our previous study, Zn(NO₃)₂ solutions of different concentrations were used as electrolytes in an ARZIB system with a zinc hexacyanoferrate (ZnHCF) electrode. And the effect of electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical performance was studied. In this study, the effect of electrolyte concentration was demonstrated through electrochemical tests and Raman analysis. Charge/discharge tests were conducted at different electrolyte concentrations. And electrochemical performance degradation was observed above a certain electrolyte concentration. This effect was due to the strong interaction between the zinc cations and the nitrate anions, confirmed by the Raman spectroscopy analysis of the Zn(NO₃)₂ electrolyte.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 773)
• Pages: 133-137
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.773.133
• Online since: July 2018
• Authors: Du Yeol Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Soon Ki Jeong*
• Keywords: Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries, Prussian Blue, Raman Spectroscopy, Zinc Hexacyanoferrate Electrode

References

[1] P. Nie, L. Shen, H. Luo, B. Ding, G. Xu, J. Wang and X. Zhang, Prussian blue analogues: a new class of anode materials for lithium ion batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A. 2 (2014) 5852-5857.

DOI: 10.1039/c4ta00062e

[2] A. A. Karyakin, Prussian Blue and Its Analogues: Electrochemistry and Analytical Applications, Electroanalysis. 13 (2001) 813-819.

DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200106)13:10<813::aid-elan813>3.0.co;2-z

[3] C. Xu, B. Li, H. Du and F. Kang, Energetic Zinc Ion Chemistry: The Rechargeable Zinc Ion Battery, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 (2012) 933-935.

DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106307

[4] B. Lee, C. S. Yoon, H. R. Lee, K. Y. Chung, B. W. Cho and S. H. Oh, Electrochemically-induced reversible transition from the tunneled to layered polymorphs of manganese dioxide, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6066-6073.

DOI: 10.1038/srep06066

[5] L. Chen, H. Shao, X. Zhou, G. Liu, J. Jiang and Z. Liu, Water-mediated cation intercalation of open-framework indium hexacyanoferrate with high voltage and fast kinetics, Nat. Commun. 7 (2016) 11982-11991.

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11982

[6] C. J. Du, F. X. Bu, D. M. Jiang, Q. H. Zhang and J. S. Jiang, Prussian blue analogue K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 quasi square microplates: large-scale synthesis and their thermal conversion into a magnetic nanoporous ZnFe2−xO4–ZnO composite, CrystEngComm. 15 (2013).

DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41753k

[7] S. Wu, X. Shen, H. Zhou, G. Zhu, R. Wang, Z. Ji, K. Chen and C. Chen, Morphological synthesis of Prussian blue analogue Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2·xH2O micro-/nanocrystals and their excellent adsorption performance toward methylene blue, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 464 (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.036

[8] M. Pasta, R. Y. Wang, R. Ruffo, R. Qiao, H. W. Lee, B. Shyam, M. Guo, Y. Wang, L. A. Wray, W. Yang, M. F. Toneye and Y. Cui, Manganese–cobalt hexacyanoferrate cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A. 4 (2016) 4211-4223.

DOI: 10.1039/c5ta10571d

[9] X. Sun, V. Duffort and L. F. Nazar, Prussian Blue Mg-Li Hybrid Batteries, Adv. Sci. 3 (2016) 1600044-1600050.

DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600044

[10] R. Y. Wang, B. Shyam, K. H. Stone, J. N. Weker, M. Pasta, H. W. Lee, M. F. Toney and Y. Cui, Reversible Multivalent (Monovalent, Divalent, Trivalent) Ion Insertion in Open Framework Materials, Adv. Energy Mater. 5 (2015) 1401869-1401878.

DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201401869

[11] L. Zhang, L. Chen, X. Zhou and Z. Liu, Towards High-Voltage Aqueous Metal-Ion Batteries Beyond 1.5 V: The Zinc/Zinc Hexacyanoferrate System, Adv. Energy Mater. 5 (2015) 1400930-1400934.

DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201400930

[12] Z. Hou, X. Zhang, X. Li, Y. Zhu, J. Liang and Y Qian, Surfactant widens the electrochemical window of an aqueous electrolyte for better rechargeable aqueous sodium/zinc battery, J. Mater. Chem. A. 5 (2017) 730-738.

DOI: 10.1039/c6ta08736a

[13] H. W. Lee, R. Y. Wang, M. Pasta, S. W. Lee, N. Liu and Y. Cui, Manganese hexacyanomanganate open framework as a high-capacity positive electrode material for sodium-ion batteries, Nat. Commun. 5 (2014) 5280-5285.

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6280

[14] C. D. Wessells, S. V. Peddada, R. A. Huggins and Y. Cui, Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Nanoparticle Electrodes For Aqueous Sodium and Potassium Ion Batteries Nano Lett. 11 (2011) 5421-5425.

DOI: 10.1021/nl203193q

[15] C. H. Lee and S. K. Jeong, A Novel Superconcentrated Aqueous Electrolyte to Improve the Electrochemical Performance of Calcium-ion Batteries, Chem. Lett. 45 (2016) 1447-1449.

DOI: 10.1246/cl.160769

[16] A. Hazza, D. Pletcher and R. Wills, A novel flow battery: A lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II) Part I. Preliminary studies, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6 (2004) 1773-1778.

DOI: 10.1039/b401115e

[17] D. Kim, C. Lee and S. Jeong, A concentrated electrolyte for zinc hexacyanoferrate electrodes in aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries, Mater. Sci. Eng. 284 (2017) 012001-012006.

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/284/1/012001

[18] R. Y. Wang, C. D. Wessells, R. A. Huggins and Y. Cui, Highly Reversible Open Framework Nanoscale Electrodes for Divalent Ion Batteries, Nano Lett. 13 (2013) 5748-5752.

DOI: 10.1021/nl403669a

[19] D. E. Irish and T. Jarv, Vibrational Spectral Studies of Solutions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. IV. Raman Spectra of Aqueous Zinc Nitrate Solutions, Appl. Spectrosc. 37 (1983) 50-55.

DOI: 10.1366/0003702834634109

[20] Y. K. Sze and D. E. Irish, Vibrational Spectral Studies of Ion-Ion and Ion-Solvent Interactions. I. Zinc Nitrate in Water , J. Solution Chem. 7 (1978) 395-415.

DOI: 10.1007/bf00646111

[21] Y. Ikushima, N Saito and M Arai, Raman Spectral Studies of Aqueous Zinc Nitrate Solution at High Temperatures and at a High Pressure of 30 Mpa, J. Phys. Chem. B. 102, (1998) 3029-3035.

DOI: 10.1021/jp980458b