The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposite Films Composed of Poly(Lactic Acid) with Spent Coffee Grounds

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to prepare and characterize biocomposite films from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with spent coffee grounds (SCG). PLA can be derived from renewable resources. The SCG component consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and coffee oil 10.98%. SCG can simultaneously act as plasticizer and filler in the composites that can enhance the mixing process. The PLA/SCG biocomposite films were processed by a twin-screw extruder and blow film extruder. They were prepared by using various SCG concentrations (0%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of SCG). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results showed that the PLA matrix with SCG was miscible and had the SCG was well good distributed. Elongation at break was increased, when the amount of SCG was increased, with the results of PLA and PLA/SCG 10% being 5.07% and 6.63% respectively, while hardness, brittleness and tensile strength decreased. UV-vis spectrophotometric measurement of PLA/SCG biocomposite films showed a considerable reduction in transmission of all UV wavelengths (UV-A, -B and -C) and visible light with increasing SCG content. Hence, in this research, SCG can be used as filler in PLA films in order to produce biodegradable films and developed as agricultural film products. The PLA/SCG biocomposite films have shown good properties and are environmentally friendly.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 824)
• Pages: 87-93
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.824.87
• Online since: October 2019
• Authors: Nattawut Suaduang, Sukunya Ross, Gareth M. Ross, Supatra Wangsoub, Sararat Mahasaranon*
• Keywords: Biocomposite Film, Poly(Lactic Acid), Spent Coffee Grounds

References

[1] S.C. Bolyard and D.R. Reinhart, Application of landfill treatment approaches for stabilization of municipal solid waste, Waste Management. 55 (2016) 22-30.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.024

[2] X. Lu, L. Tang, L. Wang, J. Zhao, D. Li, Z. Wu and P. Xiao, Morphology and properties of bio-based poly (lactic acid)/highdensity polyethylene blends and their glass fiber reinforced composites, Polym Test. 54 (2016) 90-97.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.06.025

[3] L. Liu, J. Yu, L. Cheng and X. Yang, Biodegradability of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composite reinforced with jute fibre, Polym. Deg. Stab. 94 (2009) 90-94.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.10.013

[4] K. Oksman, M. Skrifvars, and J.F. Selin, Natural fibres as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) composites, Compos. Sci. Technol. 63 (2003) 1317-1324.

DOI: 10.1016/s0266-3538(03)00103-9

[5] I. Armentano, N. Bitinis, E. Fortunati, S. Mattioli, N. Rescignano, R. Verdejo, M.A. Lopez-Manchado, J.M. Kenny, Multifunctional nanostructured PLA materials for packaging and tissue engineering, Prog. Polym. Sci. 38 (2013) 1720-1747.

DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.010

[6] M. Jonoobi, J. Harun, A.P. Mathew, and K. Oksman, Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion, Compos. Sci. Technol. 70 (2010) 1742-1747.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.07.005

[7] H. Yang, S. Zhu, N. Pan, Studying the mechanisms of titanium dioxide asultraviolet-Blocking additive for films and fabrics by an improved scheme, J.Appl. Polym. Sci. 92 (2004) 3201-3210.

DOI: 10.1002/app.20327

[8] A. Ammala, A.J. Hill, P. Meakin, S.J. Pas and T.W. Turney, Degradation studies of polyolefins incorporating transparent nanoparticulate zinc oxide UV stabilizers, J. Nanopart. Res. 4 (2002) 167-174.

[9] V.L. Finkenstadt and B. Tisserat, Poly(lactic acid) and Osage Orange wood fiber composites for agricultural mulch films, Industrial Crops and Products. 31 (2010) 316-320.

DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.11.012

[10] W.Y. Jang, B.Y. Shin, T.J. Lee and R. Narayan, Thermal Properties and Morphology of Biodegradable PLA/Starch Compatibilized Blends, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 13 (2007) 457-464.

[11] L. Suryanegara, A.N. Nakagaito and H. Yano, The effect of crystallization of PLA on the thermal and mechanical properties of microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced PLA composites, Compos. Sci. Technol. 69 (2009) 1187-1192.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.02.022

[12] L.F. Ballesteros, J.A. Teixeira, and S.I. Mussatto, Chemical, Functional, and Structural Properties of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Silverskin, Food Bioprocess Technol. 7 (2014) 3493-3503.

DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1349-z

[13] S.I. Mussatto, E.M.S. Machado, S. Martins, and J.A. Teixeira, Production, Composition, and Application of Coffee and Its Industrial Residues, Food Bioprocess Technol. 4 (2011) 661-672.

DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0565-z

[14] D. García-García, A. Carbonell, M.D. Samper, D. García-Sanoguera, and R. Balart, Green composites based on polypropylene matrix and hydrophobized spend coffee ground (SCG) powder,, Composites Part B. 78 (2015) 256-265.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.03.080

[15] W. Chin-San, Renewable resource-based green composites of surface-treated spent coffee grounds and polylactide: Characterisation and biodegradability, Polym. Deg. Stab. 121(2015)51-59.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.08.011

[16] N.S. Caetano, V.F.M. Silva, A.C. Melo, A.A. Martins and T.M. Mata, Spent coffee grounds for biodiesel production and other applications, Clean Techn Environ Policy. 16 (2014) 1423-1430.

DOI: 10.1007/s10098-014-0773-0

[17] Z. Al-Hamamre, S. Foerster, F. Hartmann, M. Kröger, and M. Kaltschmitt, Oil extracted from spent coffee grounds as a renewable source for fatty acid methyl ester manufacturing, Fuel. 96 (2012) 70-76.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.01.023

[18] R. Auras, B. Harte and S. Selke, An Overview of Polylactides as Packaging Materials, Macromol. Biosci. 4 (2004) 835-864.

DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200400043

[19] M. Narayanana, S. Loganathanb, R.B. Valapac, S. Thomasb and T.O. Varghese, UV protective poly(lactic acid)/rosin films for sustainable packaging, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 99 (2017) 37-45.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.152