Micromagnetic Investigation of Magnetization Reversal in Sphere-Shaped Ferromagnetic Nanoparticle

Abstract:

In this paper, the magnetization reversal of sphere-shaped ferromagnetic nanoparticles has been investigated by means of micromagnetic simulation. Some ferromagnetic particles such as Cobalt, Iron, Nickel, and Permalloy were modeled with size variation from 50 nm to 100 nm. The discretization of the ferromagnetic model was used a cell size of 2.5×2.5×2.5 nm³ considering the exchange length (l_ex) of the materials. The quasi-static magnetic field was induced into the nanosphere to observe the magnetization response under time dependence. It is found that the coercivity values are decreased as the sphere size increased, which was conformed the experimental results. It is also observed that the domain structure of a single particle in remanent and ground-state condition are identical. Therefore, the specific understanding of magnetization process and domain structures in ferromagnetic nanoparticles could be an important step in the development of nanopatterned magnetic memory storage.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 855)
• Pages: 237-242
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.855.237
• Online since: July 2020
• Authors: Candra Kurniawan, Agus Tri Widodo, Dong Hyun Kim, Dede Djuhana*
• Keywords: Domain-Wall, Ferromagnetic, Magnetization, Micromagnetic, Nanoparticles

References

[1] L. Sun, P.K.J. Wong, W. Zhang, Y. Zhai, D.X. Niu, Y.B. Xu, X. Zou, H.R. Zhai, Micromagnetic Simulation on the Interelement Coupling of High-Density Patterned Film, IEEE Trans. Magn. 51 (2015) 1–4.

DOI: 10.1109/tmag.2015.2438115

[2] S. Bhatti, R. Sbiaa, A. Hirohata, H. Ohno, S. Fukami, S.N. Piramanayagam, Spintronics based random access memory: a review, Mater. Today. 20 (2017) 530–548.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.07.007

[3] V.K. Joshi, Spintronics: A contemporary review of emerging electronics devices, Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J. 19 (2016) 1503–1513.

[4] R. Sbiaa, S.N. Piramanayagam, Recent Developments in Spin Transfer Torque MRAM, Phys. Status Solidi RRL - Rapid Res. Lett. 11 (2017) 1700163.

DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201700163

[5] C. Mu, J. Jing, J. Dong, W. Wang, J. Xu, A. Nie, J. Xiang, F. Wen, Z. Liu, Static and dynamic characteristics of magnetism in permalloy oval nanoring by micromagnetic simulation, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 474 (2019) 301–304.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.11.049

[6] S.R. Ali, F. Naz, H. Akber, M. Naeem, S.I. Ali, S.A. Basit, M. Sarim, S. Qaseem, Effect of particle size distribution on magnetic behavior of nanoparticles with uniaxial anisotropy, Chin. Phys. B. 27 (2018) 097503.

DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/27/9/097503

[7] J. Ding, G.N. Kakazei, X. Liu, K.Y. Guslienko, A.O. Adeyeye, Higher order vortex gyrotropic modes in circular ferromagnetic nanodots, Sci. Rep. 4 (2015) 4796.

DOI: 10.1038/srep04796

[8] R.P. Cowburn, M.E. Welland, Micromagnetics of the single-domain state of square ferromagnetic nanostructures, Phys. Rev. B. 58 (1998) 9217–9226.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.58.9217

[9] J.J. Torres-Heredia, F. López-Urías, E. Muñoz-Sandoval, Micromagnetic simulations of 200-nm-diameter cobalt nanorings using a Reuleaux triangular geometry, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 305 (2006) 133–140.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.12.002

[10] F. López-Urías, J.J. Torres-Heredia, E. Muñoz-Sandoval, Magnetization patterns simulations of Fe, Ni, Co, and permalloy individual nanomagnets, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 294 (2005) e7–e12.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.03.044

[11] M.J. Donahue, D.G. Porter, OOMMF User's Guide, Version 1.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 1999. http://math.nist.gov/oommf.

DOI: 10.6028/nist.ir.6376

[12] J.E. Miltat, M.J. Donahue, Numerical Micromagnetics: Finite Difference Methods, in: Handb. Magn. Adv. Magn. Mater. Ed. Helmut Kronmuller Stuart Park. Vol. 2 Micromagnetism, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007: p.1–23.

[13] C.L. Dennis, R.P. Borges, L.D. Buda, U. Ebels, J.F. Gregg, M. Hehn, E. Jouguelet, K. Ounadjela, I. Petej, I.L. Prejbeanu, M.J. Thornton, The defining length scales of mesomagnetism: a review, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 14 (2002) R1175–R1262.

DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/14/49/201

[14] H.-G. Piao, D. Djuhana, J.-H. Shim, S.-H. Lee, S.-H. Jun, S.K. Oh, S.-C. Yu, D.-H. Kim, Three-Dimensional Spin Configuration of Ferromagnetic Nanocubes, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10 (2010) 7212–7216.

DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2760

[15] C.F. Gélvez, E.J. Patiño, Coercive field enhancement in Co nanodisks: single-domain to vortex switching, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 31 (2019) 13LT01.

DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab015e

[16] C. Kittel, Physical Theory of Ferromagnetic Domains, Rev. Mod. Phys. 21 (1949) 541–583.

DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.21.541

[17] C. Kittel, Introduction to solid state physics, 8th ed, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, (2005).

[18] W.F. Brown, The Fundamental Theorem of Fine‐Ferromagnetic‐Particle Theory, J. Appl. Phys. 39 (1968) 993–994.

[19] R. Skomski, Nanomagnetics, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 15 (2003) R841–R896.

DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/15/20/202

[20] A. Kákay, L.K. Varga, Monodomain critical radius for soft-magnetic fine particles, J. Appl. Phys. 97 (2005) 083901.

DOI: 10.1063/1.1844612