Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic and Absorption Properties of Nd Doped Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ Garnets Prepared by Mechanochemical Method

Abstract:

Neodymium substituted yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nanoparticles with compositional variation of Nd_xY_3−xFe₅O₁₂ where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 was prepared by mechanochemicals method using high energy milling (HEM). The characterization was done using X-rays diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer (VNA). It was found that the mechanical milling followed by sintering promotes the complete structural formation of the yttrium iron garnet (YIG) structure. The XRD patterns confirm the complete introduction of Nd³⁺ ion into the YIG with an addition of Nd doping concentration. nanocrystalline particles with high purity and sizes ranging from 0.12μm to 0.16μm were obtained. The magnetization value, M_s from all Nd-doped samples were obtained in the range between 34 to 37emu.g^-1. The magnetic coercivity (H_c) was achieved of 0.012kOe (12Oe) for the non-doped sample (YNd-0) and then increase with the addition of neodymium concentration. The increase in H_c for all the sample series can be attributed to an enhancement of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy with anisotropic Fe²⁺. The variation of the reflection loss (RL) versus frequency was observed in Nd doped YIG, Y_1-xNd_xFe₅O₁₂ with x = 0.0 – 0.8 in the frequency range of 7 –12 GHz. The optimum reflection loss (RL) was found to be 8.66(-dB) at 9.5GHz in Y_2.2Nd_0.8Fe₅O₁₂ (YNd-08) for x = 0.8.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 855)
• Pages: 52-57
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.855.52
• Online since: July 2020
• Authors: Didin Sahidin Winatapura*, Ade Mulyawan, Ari Adi Wisnu, Yunasfi Yunasfi
• Keywords: Coercivity, Magnetization, Mechanochemicals, Reflection Loss, Yttrium Iron Garnet

References

[17] Hc ~ K1Ms (1) From equation (1) it is clear that K1 is main factor for Hc variation. It means that the changes in the relative position between Fe ions caused by lattice contractions can result in an increase in magnetocrystalline anisotropy which must be responsible for the increase in coercivity in YIG-doped ferrites. Table 2. Magnetic properties of NdxY(1-x)Fe5O12 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8). No. Sample Comp. x, Magnetic Properties Hc (kOe) Ms (emu.g-1) 1. YFe5O12 0.0 0.012 35.70 2. Nd0.2Y0.8Fe5O12 0.2 0.014 33.90 3. Nd0.5Y0.5Fe5O12 0.5 0.018 36.70 4. Nd0.8Y0.2Fe5O12 0.8 0.031 35.30 The particle morphologies from non-doped and Nd-doped samples for different concentration are shown in Figure 4. The Figures indicate that all samples are composed of particles with irregular shapes and relatively narrow particle size distribution. The grain size estimations show that there is no significant change due to Nd doping. The Figure indicates that all samples are composed of particles with irregular shapes and relatively narrow particle size distribution. The sample with x = 0.0 (YNd-0) and x = 0.8 (YNd-0.8) consisted of particles with size in the range from ~ 0.8 µm to ~ 4 µm, as seen in Figure 4(a) and (b). These indicate that the substitution of Nd3+ into the YIG with different variation concentration does not modify the morphology shape of the particles. Figure 4. The SEM image of Y(1-x)NdxFe5O12 for for (a). x = 0.0, (b). x = 0.8. The elements in the sample were identified using an energy dispersive spectrophotometer (EDS) incorporated in the SEM equipment. The results of enumeration with EDS are listed in Table 3. It can be seen that the elements detected inside the sample only contained Y, Fe, Nd and O elements. It appears that the Y atomic decreased with the addition of Nd atoms. Meanwhile, for O and Fe atomic presentation is almost constant. The comparison between the elements Y and Nd (in% atoms) for each sample has a different content, but the difference is not too significan. Table 3. EDS observation of the samples. No. Samples Atomic (%) O Fe Y Nd 1. Y 29.32 40.52 30.16 - 2. YNd-02 33.16 37.32 28.07 1.45 3. YNd-05 33.15 38.14 24.61 4.10 4. YNd-08 32.07 39.23 22.68 6.02 Figure 5 shows the variation of the reflection loss (RL) versus frequency observed in Y(1-x)NdxFe5O12 (X = 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8) in the frequency range of 7 – 12GHz. It is seen that the matching frequencies is observed in the samples owing to the spin resonance at frequency at about 9GHz. The list the absorption data for the prepared samples are listed in Table 4. It can be seen that RL value of un-doped sample with x = 0.0 in YNd-0 was found to be 7.50(-dB). By the substitution of Nd3+ for x = 0.2 in YNd-02 sample, the value of RL change to 6.50(-dB). With the addition of Nd3+ substitution, the RL increase to 8.15 (-dB) for x = 0.5 in YNd-05 sample and continue increase to 8.66 (-dB) for x = 0.8 in YNd-08 sample. The optimum value of microwave absorption was found on the phase composition of Y2.2Nd0.8Fe5O12 (YNd-08) sample for x = 0.8 which was heat treated at 1300oC. It is known that doping with Nd3+ ions can effectively increase the attenuation characteristic as compared to Y3Fe5O12 un-doped sample for x = 0.0. Figure 5. Absorption characteristics of Y(1-x)NdxFe5O12 for x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8. Table 4. Microwave absorption of Nd substituted yttrium iron garnet (YIG). Sample Codes Comp. of x RLoss (-dB) Thickness, d (mm) Frequency (GHz) YNd-0 0.0 7.20 2 9.80 YNd-02 0.2 6.70 2 9.70 YNd-05 0.5 8.15 2 9.40 YNd-08 0.8 8.66 2 9.50 Summary Neodymium-doped yttrium iron garnet, Y3−xNdxFe5O12 for x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 has been prepared by mechanochemical method using high energy milling (HEM), followed by sintering at 1300oC for 5 h, respectively. XRD refinement confirmed that no formation of secondary phases of Nd doped YIG with Nd3+ contents. The lattice constant (a) and cell volume (Vcell) were found to increase with increasing Nd3+ concentrations. All the measured samples show ferrimagnetic behavior attributed to the intrinsic structure. The saturation magnetization (Ms) obtained for all the samples is in the range of 34–37emu.g-1, while the coercivity (Hc) was increase with Nd doping from 12Oe to 31Oe. The microwave absorption optimum was found on the phase composition of Y2.2Nd0.8Fe5O12 with x = 0.8 in YNd-08 sample for reflection loss (RL) of 8.66 (-dB).. Acknowledgement The financial support of this research to the DIPA 2019/2020 of Indonesia National Nuclear Energy Agency project is gratefully acknowledged. Referrences.

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