Effect of Nano-Silica Volume Reinforcement on the Microstructure, Mechanical, Phase Distribution and Electrochemical Behavior of Pre-Alloyed Titanium-Nickel (Ti-Ni) Powder

Abstract:

Titanium-Nickel pre-alloyed powder was reinforced with Nano-Silica in 2%, 4% , 6% and 8 wt. % due to effectiveness of Nanoscale ceramic Reinforcement in improving the properties of Metals and Alloys. The compositions of the Pre-Alloyed powders and Nano Silica Approximately 50 nm in diameter and spherical in shape were weighed and mixed in Planetary Ball Mill followed by compaction at 50 MPa using a Uniaxial Compaction machine The green pellets obtained were sintered in Argon Environment for 5 hrs and allowed to furnace cool. The pellets were then sectioned through their cross-section for slices 3 mm thick followed by Cold-mounting and Soldering followed by cold mounting additionally. The Samples were analyzed via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for phase distribution as a function of variation in nano-Silica reinforcements and Microstructural analysis was performed via Optical Microscope. The effect of Volume percentage on the densification was determined via Archimedes principle and Micro-Vickers hardness was used for mechanical Evaluation. The Electrochemical Properties were evaluated using Potentio-Dynamic Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in neutral salt solution (3.5% NaCl). The results indicated increasing dissolution of the TiNi phase into intermetallic Titanium-rich and Ni-rich phases in the matrix and hardening due to the Nano-Silica effect of Grain Boundary impingement and phase dissolution of Equiatomic phase and mixed behavior in Corrosion properties as determined by the electrochemical techniques whereas densification decreased due to poor plasticity of Nano-Silica and hinderance in diffusion during the sintering process.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 875)
• Pages: 60-69
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.875.60
• Online since: February 2021
• Authors: Syed Abbas Raza*, Muhammad Imran Khan, Mairaj Ahmad, Danish Tahir, Asim Iltaf, Rida Batool Naqvi
• Keywords: Corrosion, Micro Hardness, Nano-Composites, Nitinol, Optical Imaging, Seawater

References

[1] M. E.-Souni, H. Fischer-Brandies, On the properties of two binary NiTi shape memory alloys. Effects of surface finish on the corrosion behaviour and in vitro biocompatibility, Biomat. 23 (2002) 2887–2894.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00416-1

[2] M. do A. Ferreira, M.A. Luersen, P.C. Borges, Nickel-titanium alloys: a systematic review, Dental Press J. Orthod. 17 (2012) 71–82.

DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512012000300016

[3] K. Otsuka, X. Ren, Physical metallurgy of Ti-Ni-based shape memory alloys, Prog. Mater. Sci. 50 (2005) 511–678.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2004.10.001

[4] T.W. Duerig, K.N. Melton, D. Stockel, Engineering aspects of shape memory alloys, 1990, pp.168-191.

[5] C. Velmurugan, V. Senthilkumar, S. Dinesh, D. Arulkirubakaran, Machining of NiTi-shape memory alloys-A review, Mach. Sci. Technol. 22 (2018) 355–401.

DOI: 10.1080/10910344.2017.1365894

[6] T.W. Duerig, A.R. Pelton, Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloys, Mater. Prop. Handb. Titan. Alloy (1994) 1035–1048.

[7] J.M. Jani, M. Leary, A. Subic, M.A. Gibson, A review of shape memory alloy research, applications and opportunities, Mater. Des 56, (2014) 1078–1113.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.084

[8] M. Sreekumar, T. Nagarajan, M. Singaperumal, M. Zoppi, , R. Molfino, Critical review of current trends in shape memory alloy actuators for intelligent robots, Ind. Rob. 34 (2007) 285–294.

DOI: 10.1108/01439910710749609

[9] J. Ma, I. Karaman, R.D. Noebe, High temperature shape memory alloys, Int. Mater. Rev. 55 (2010) 257–315.

DOI: 10.1179/095066010x12646898728363

[10] J. Cui et al, Combinatorial search of thermoelastic shape-memory alloys with extremely small hysteresis width, Nat. Mater. 5 (2006) 286–290.

DOI: 10.1038/nmat1593

[11] F. Yang, L. Kovarik, P.J. Phillips, R.D. Noebe, M.J. Mills, Characterizations of precipitate phases in a Ti-Ni-Pd alloy, Scr. Mater. 67 (2012) 145–148.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.04.003

[12] L. Gou, Y. Liu, , T.Y. Ng, An investigation on the crystal structures of Ti50Ni 50-xCux shape memory alloys based on density functional theory calculations, Intermetal. 53 (2014) 20–25.

DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2014.04.013

[13] Y.F. Zheng et al, Introduction of antibacterial function into biomedical TiNi shape memory alloy by the addition of element Ag, Acta. Biomater. 7 (2011) 2758–2767.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.02.010

[14] S.F. Hsieh, S.L. Chen, H.C. Lin, M.H. Lin, J.H. Huang, , M. C. Lin, A study of TiNiCr ternary shape memory alloys, J. All. Comp. 494 (2010) 155–160.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.01.052

[15] S.H. Kayani, M.I. Khan, F.A. Khalid, H.Y. Kim, , S. Miyazaki, Precipitation Behavior of Thermo-Mechanically Treated Ti50Ni20Au20Cu10 High-Temperature Shape-Memory Alloy, Shape Mem. Superelasticity 2 (2015) 29–36.

DOI: 10.1007/s40830-015-0048-6

[16] H.C. Lin, K.M. Lin, S.K. Chang, , C.S. Lin, A study of TiNiV ternary shape memory alloys, J. All. Comp. 284 (1999) 213–217.

DOI: 10.1016/s0925-8388(98)00937-2

[17] Y.X. Tong et al, Microstructure and martensitic transformation of an ultrafine-grained TiNiNb shape memory alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing, Intermetallics 49 (2014) 81–86.

DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2014.01.019

[18] S.R. Bakshi, D. Lahiri, , A. Agarwal, Carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composites - A review, Int. Mater. Rev. 55 (2010) 41–64.

DOI: 10.1179/095066009x12572530170543

[19] M. Farvizi et al, Microstructural characterization of HIP consolidated NiTi-nano Al2O3composites, J. All. Comp. 606 (2014) 21–26.

[20] K. Johansen, H. Voggenreiter, , G. Eggeler, On the effect of TiC particles on the tensile properties and on the intrinsic two way effect of NiTi shape memory alloys produced by powder metallurgy, J. All. Comp. 275 (1999) 410–414.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-5093(99)00308-1

[21] D. Mari , D.C. Dunand, NiTi and NiTi-TiC Composites : Part I . Transformation and Thermal Cycling Behavior, Mater. Sci. Eng. 26 (1995) 2833–2847.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02669642

[22] M. Akmal, A. Raza, M.M. Khan, M.I. Khan, , M.A. Hussain, Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite reinforcement in mechanically alloyed NiTi composites for biomedical implant, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 68 (2016) 30–36.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.092

[23] B. A. Obadele, O. O. Ige, , P. A. Olubambi, Fabrication and characterization of titanium-nickel-zirconia matrix composites prepared by spark plasma sintering, J. All. Comp. 710 825–830, (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.340

[24] L. Hu, A. Kothalkar, G. Proust, I. Karaman, M. Radovic, Fabrication and Characterization of NiTi/Ti3SiC2 and NiTi/Ti2AlC Composites, J. All. Comp. (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.04.224

[25] B. A.-Ahmadi, T. Gallmeyer, J.G. Pauza, T.W. Duerig, R.D. Noebe, , A.P. Stebner, Effect of a pre-aging treatment on the mechanical behaviors of Ni50.3Ti49.7 − xHfx(x ≤ 9 at.%) Shape memory alloys, Scr. Mater. 147 (2018) 11–15.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.12.024

[26] H. Chen, L.J. Zheng, F.X. Zhang, H. Zhang, Thermal stability and hardening behavior in superelastic Ni-rich Nitinol alloys with Al addition, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 708 (2017) 514–522.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.10.016

[27] C. Yang, Q.R. Cheng, L.H. Liu, Y.H. Li, , Y.Y. Li, Effect of minor Cu content on microstructure and mechanical property of NiTiCu bulk alloys fabricated by crystallization of metallic glass powder, Intermetallics 56 (2014) 37–43.

DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2014.08.009

[28] M.S. E.-Eskandrany, A. A.-Azmi, Potential applications of cold sprayed Cu50Ti20Ni30metallic glassy alloy powders for antibacterial protective coating in medical and food sectors, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 56 (2016) 183–194.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.030

[29] D.V. Keller, Adhesion between solid metals, Wear 6 (1963) 353–365.

[30] M. Farvizi, M.R. Akbarpour, D.H. Ahn, H.S. Kim, Compressive behavior of NiTi-based composites reinforced with alumina nanoparticles, J. All. Comp. 688 (2016) 803–807.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.06.299

[31] B. Li, Z. Li, , X. Lu, Effect of sintering processing on property of porous Ti using space holder technique, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 25 (2015) 2965–2973.

DOI: 10.1016/s1003-6326(15)63923-1

[32] N.D. Alqarni, J. Wysocka, N. E.-Bagoury, J. Ryl, M.A. Amin, R. Boukherroub, Effect of cobalt addition on the corrosion behavior of near equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy in normal saline solution: Electrochemical and XPS studies, RSC Adv. 8 (2018) 19289–19300.

DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02031k

[33] S.A. Fadlallah, N. E.-Bagoury, S.M.F. Gad El-Rab, R.A. Ahmed, G. E.-Ousamii, An overview of NiTi shape memory alloy: Corrosion resistance and antibacterial inhibition for dental application, J. All. Comp. 583 (2014) 455–464.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.08.029