Bentonite Impregnation Ammonium-Assisted as Eco-Friendly Dye Adsorbent: Analyses of Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Cationic Dye Adsorption

Abstract:

The original Java bentonite has been improved by a new method of multi-step impregnation using over-concentrated ammonium under nature temperature. The achieved materials were characterized using SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis and then applied in cationic dye adsorption. The specific case in peak XRD analysis of ammonium impregnation was detected at 18°, and the spectra at 532.3 and 470.6 cm^-1 of the FTIR analysis were detected as the ammonium vibration and oscillation bending. Surface structure analysis from SEM-EDX showed the smooth and expanded material achieved, supported by surface area analysis of BET, which described the increase of surface area materials from 61.791, 73.089, and 178.710 m²/g for the bent, bent-Na, and bent-NH, respectively. The highest adsorption capacity on bentonite impregnated by ammonium was achieved at 526.316 mg/g and 128.205 mg/g for rhodamine B and malachite green, respectively. The adsorption mechanism was feasible in endothermic and fitted to pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The new method of ammonium impregnation on bentonite successfully improved the adsorption ability.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 963)
• Pages: 85-102
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-0UEtzJ
• Online since: October 2023
• Authors: Yusuf Mathiinul Hakim, Idha Royani, Mardiyanto Mardiyanto, Risfidian Mohadi*
• Keywords: Adsorption, Ammonium, Bentonite, Cationic Dyes, Impregnation

References

[1] T.A. Khattab, M. S. Abdelrahman, and M. Rehan, "Textile dyeing industry: environmental impacts and remediation," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 27, no. 4, p.3803–3818, Feb. 2020.

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07137-z

[2] T. Z. Mahmoudabadi, P. Talebi, and M. Jalili, "Removing Disperse red 60 and Reactive blue 19 dyes removal by using Alcea rosea root mucilage as a natural coagulant," AMB Express, vol. 9, no. 1, p.113, Dec. 2019.

DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0839-9

[3] A. A. INYINBOR, F. A. ADEKOLA, and G. A. OLATUNJI, "Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution on Irvingia gabonensis biomass: Kinetics and thermodynamics studies," South African Journal of Chemistry, vol. 68, 2015.

DOI: 10.17159/0379-4350/2015/v68a17

[4] P. K. Gillman, "CNS toxicity involving methylene blue: the exemplar for understanding and predicting drug interactions that precipitate serotonin toxicity," Journal of Psychopharmacology, vol. 25, no. 3, p.429–436, Mar. 2011.

DOI: 10.1177/0269881109359098

[5] E. Rápó, L. E. Aradi, Á. Szabó, K. Posta, R. Szép, and S. Tonk, "Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Violet-5R Textile Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Using Eggshell Waste Biosorbent," Sci Rep, vol. 10, no. 1, p.8385, Dec. 2020.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65334-0

[6] S. Menon, H. Agarwal, and V. K. Shanmugam, "Catalytical degradation of industrial dyes using biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles and evaluating its antimicrobial activities," Sustainable Environment Research, vol. 31, no. 1, p.2, Dec. 2021.

DOI: 10.1186/s42834-020-00072-6

[7] S. Varjani, P. Rakholiya, H. Y. Ng, S. You, and J. A. Teixeira, "Microbial degradation of dyes: An overview," Bioresour Technol, vol. 314, p.123728, Oct. 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123728

[8] K. O. Iwuozor, "Prospects and Challenges of Using Coagulation-Flocculation Method in the Treatment of Effluents," Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section A, 2019. http://ajchem-a.com

DOI: 10.29088/sami/ajca.2019.2.105127

[9] D. Yang, F. Cheng, L. Chang, and D. Wu, "Sodium Modification of Low Quality Natural Bentonite as Enhanced Lead Ion Adsorbent," Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp, vol. 651, p.129753, Oct. 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129753

[10] P. Pourhakkak, M. Taghizadeh, A. Taghizadeh, and M. Ghaedi, "Adsorbent," 2021, p.71–210.

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818805-7.00009-6

[11] L. Wang, M. Wang, H. Muhammad, Y. Sun, J. Guo, and M. Laipan, "Polypyrrole-Bentonite composite as a highly efficient and low cost anionic adsorbent for removing hexavalent molybdenum from wastewater," J Colloid Interface Sci, vol. 615, p.797–806, Jun. 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.002

[12] I. G. A. Funes, M. E. Peralta, G. R. Pettinari, L. Carlos, and M. E. Parolo, "Facile modification of montmorillonite by intercalation and grafting: The study of the binding mechanisms of a quaternary alkylammonium surfactant," Appl Clay Sci, vol. 195, p.105738, Sep. 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2020.105738

[13] S. Barakan and V. Aghazadeh, "The advantages of clay mineral modification methods for enhancing adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment: a review," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 28, no. 3, p.2572–2599, Jan. 2021.

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10985-9

[14] J. Y. de Morais Pinos, L. B. de Melo, S. D. de Souza, L. Marçal, and E. H. de Faria, "Bentonite functionalized with amine groups by the sol-gel route as efficient adsorbent of rhodamine-B and nickel (II)," Appl Clay Sci, vol. 223, p.106494, Jun. 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2022.106494

[15] F. Zaoui, F. Zohra Choumane, and A. Hakem, "Malachite green dye and its removal from aqueous solution by clay-chitosane modified," Mater Today Proc, vol. 49, p.1105–1111, 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.487

[16] M. Messaoudi, M. Douma, N. Tijani, Y. Dehmani, and L. Messaoudi, "Adsorption process of the malachite green onto clay: kinetic and thermodynamic studies," Desalination Water Treat, vol. 240, p.191–202, 2021.

DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2021.27688

[17] K. Y. Foo and B. H. Hameed, "Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 156, no. 1, p.2–10, Jan. 2010.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2009.09.013

[18] N. M. Malima, S. J. Owonubi, E. H. Lugwisha, and A. S. Mwakaboko, "Thermodynamic, isothermal and kinetic studies of heavy metals adsorption by chemically modified Tanzanian Malangali kaolin clay," International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 18, no. 10, p.3153–3168, Oct. 2021.

DOI: 10.1007/s13762-020-03078-0

[19] S. Barakan and V. Aghazadeh, "The advantages of clay mineral modification methods for enhancing adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment: a review," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 28, no. 3, p.2572–2599, Jan. 2021.

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10985-9

[20] A. Buntin and V. Agliullin, "Transformation of the structure and adsorption properties of bentonite during physical and chemical treatment," J Phys Conf Ser, vol. 2373, no. 3, p.032006, Dec. 2022.

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2373/3/032006

[21] Z. Gong, L. Liao, G. Lv, and X. Wang, "A simple method for physical purification of bentonite," Appl Clay Sci, vol. 119, p.294–300, Jan. 2016.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2015.10.031

[22] M. Laipan et al., "Layered intercalation compounds: Mechanisms, new methodologies, and advanced applications," Prog Mater Sci, vol. 109, p.1–97, Apr. 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.100631

[23] K. T. Ashley, W. D. Carlson, R. D. Law, and R. J. Tracy, "Ti resetting in quartz during dynamic recrystallization: Mechanisms and significance," American Mineralogist, vol. 99, no. 10, p.2025–2030, Oct. 2014.

DOI: 10.2138/am-2014-4943

[24] M. Alshabanat and M. AL-Anazy, "Effect of cationic-surfactant-modified Saudi bentonite on the thermal and flammability properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based nanocomposite films," Journal of Taibah University for Science, vol. 13, no. 1, p.360–369, Dec. 2019.

DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2019.1579295

[25] Y. Hakim, R. Mohadi, M. Mardiyanto, and I. Royani, "Ammonium-Assisted Intercalation of Java Bentonite as Effective of Cationic Dye Removal," Journal of Ecological Engineering, vol. 24, no. 2, p.184–195, Feb. 2023.

DOI: 10.12911/22998993/156665

[26] F. Sadik, J. H. Fincher, and C. W. Hartman, "X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for Identification of Kaolin NF and Bentonite USP," J Pharm Sci, vol. 60, no. 6, p.916–918, Jun. 1971.

DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600600624

[27] Salah, Gaber, and Kandil, "The Removal of Uranium and Thorium from Their Aqueous Solutions by 8-Hydroxyquinoline Immobilized Bentonite," Minerals, vol. 9, no. 10, p.626, Oct. 2019.

DOI: 10.3390/min9100626

[28] T. Taher, D. Rohendi, R. Mohadi, and A. Lesbani, "Congo red dye removal from aqueous solution by acid-activated bentonite from sarolangun: kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies," Arab J Basic Appl Sci, vol. 26, no. 1, p.125–136, Jan. 2019.

DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2019.1576274

[29] N. Bouazizi, J. Vieillard, B. Samir, and F. le Derf, "Advances in Amine-Surface Functionalization of Inorganic Adsorbents for Water Treatment and Antimicrobial Activities: A Review," Polymers (Basel), vol. 14, no. 3, p.378, Jan. 2022.

DOI: 10.3390/polym14030378

[30] H. Miyazaki, Y. Kitano, Y. Makinose, M. Handa, and T. Nakashima, "Synthesis Of Large-swelling Na-Type Bentonite By Hydrothermal Ion Eexchange," Clay science, vol. 23, no. 3, p.47–53, 2019.

[31] R.R. Pawar, Lalhmunsiama, H. C. Bajaj, and S.-M. Lee, "Activated bentonite as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions: Batch and column studies," Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 34, p.213–223, Feb. 2016.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.11.014

[32] F. Tomul, "Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Properties of Fe/Cr-Pillared Bentonites," Ind Eng Chem Res, vol. 50, no. 12, p.7228–7240, Jun. 2011.

DOI: 10.1021/ie102073v

[33] S.F.A. Shattar and K.Y. Foo, "Sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite for the adsorptive removal of methylene blue," Sci Rep, vol. 12, no. 1, p.2534, Dec. 2022.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06254-z

[34] J. Ferraro, " The Sadtler Infrared Spectra Handbook of Minerals and Clays ," 1982.

[35] S. He, D. Zhang, L. Gu, S. Zhang, and X. Yu, "Bromate adsorption using Fe-pillared bentonite," Environ Technol, vol. 33, no. 20, p.2337–2344, Oct. 2012.

DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.666571

[36] P. Kumararaja, K.M. Manjaiah, S.C. Datta, and B. Sarkar, "Remediation of metal contaminated soil by aluminium pillared bentonite: Synthesis, characterisation, equilibrium study and plant growth experiment," Appl Clay Sci, vol. 137, p.115–122, Mar. 2017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2016.12.017

[37] A. Jegatheesan, J. Murugan, B. Neelagantaprasad, and G. Rajarajan, "FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA Investigations of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP) Single Crystal," Int J Comput Appl, vol. 53, no. 4, p.15–18, Sep. 2012.

DOI: 10.5120/8408-2040

[38] A.H. Jawad and A. S. Abdulhameed, "Mesoporous Iraqi red kaolin clay as an efficient adsorbent for methylene blue dye: Adsorption kinetic, isotherm and mechanism study," Surfaces and Interfaces, vol. 18, p.100422, Mar. 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2019.100422

[39] G.B.B. Varadwaj, S. Rana, K. Parida, and B. B. Nayak, "A multi-functionalized montmorillonite for co-operative catalysis in one-pot Henry reaction and water pollution remediation," J Mater Chem A Mater, vol. 2, no. 20, p.7526, 2014.

DOI: 10.1039/c4ta00042k

[40] R. Mohadi, Y. M. Hakim, R. D. Astuti, I. Royani, and M. Mardiyanto, "Pillarization of Sumatera Bentonite by Sodium-assisted As Effective Adsorbent of Anionic Surfactants Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) Waste," Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, vol. 18, no. 1, p.48–58, Mar. 2023.

DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16500

[41] T. Taher et al., "Synthesis and characterization of montmorillonite – Mixed metal oxide composite and its adsorption performance for anionic and cationic dyes removal," Inorg Chem Commun, vol. 147, p.110231, Jan. 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110231

[42] V. Hernández-Montoya, M. A. Pérez-Cruz, D. I. Mendoza-Castillo, M. R. Moreno-Virgen, and A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, "Competitive adsorption of dyes and heavy metals on zeolitic structures," J Environ Manage, vol. 116, p.213–221, Feb. 2013.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.12.010

[43] S. Wang, C. W. Ng, W. Wang, Q. Li, and Z. Hao, "Synergistic and competitive adsorption of organic dyes on multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 197, p.34–40, Jul. 2012.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.008

[44] L. Li, F. Liu, X. Jing, P. Ling, and A. Li, "Displacement mechanism of binary competitive adsorption for aqueous divalent metal ions onto a novel IDA-chelating resin: Isotherm and kinetic modeling," Water Res, vol. 45, no. 3, p.1177–1188, Jan. 2011.

DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.009

[45] J.-F. Gao, Q. Zhang, K. Su, and J.-H. Wang, "Competitive biosorption of Yellow 2G and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2G onto inactive aerobic granules: Simultaneous determination of two dyes by first-order derivative spectrophotometry and isotherm studies," Bioresour Technol, vol. 101, no. 15, p.5793–5801, Aug. 2010.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.091

[46] E. Fosso-Kankeu, F. Waanders, and C. Fraser, "Bentonite Clay Adsorption Affinity for Anionic  and Cationic Dyes," South Africa, 2014.

[47] M. Belhadri, "Adsorption Behavior of Cationic Dye on Bentonite Functionalized With 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane," Res Sq, 2021.

DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-826750/v1

[48] S. Arellano-Cárdenas, S. López-Cortez, M. Cornejo-Mazón, and J. C. Mares-Gutiérrez, "Study of malachite green adsorption by organically modified clay using a batch method," Appl Surf Sci, vol. 280, p.74–78, Sep. 2013.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.04.097

[49] K. Chinoune, K. Bentaleb, Z. Bouberka, A. Nadim, and U. Maschke, "Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solution by dirty bentonite," Appl Clay Sci, vol. 123, p.64–75, Apr. 2016.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2016.01.006

[50] J. Fu and J. B. Schlenoff, "Driving Forces for Oppositely Charged Polyion Association in Aqueous Solutions: Enthalpic, Entropic, but Not Electrostatic," J Am Chem Soc, vol. 138, no. 3, p.980–990, Jan. 2016.

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11878

[51] M. Wohlert, T. Benselfelt, L. Wågberg, I. Furó, L. A. Berglund, and J. Wohlert, "Cellulose and the role of hydrogen bonds: not in charge of everything," Cellulose, vol. 29, no. 1, p.1–23, Jan. 2022.

DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04325-4

[52] Q. Lu et al., "Synthesis and Adsorption Properties for Cationic Dyes of Acrylic Acid/Vermiculite Hydrogel Initiated by Glow-Discharge-Electrolysis Plasma," Advances in Polymer Technology, vol. 37, no. 4, p.996–1007, Jun. 2018.

DOI: 10.1002/adv.21748

[53] A. Afkhami, R. Moosavi, and T. Madrakian, "Preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of low concentrations of malachite green and leuco-malachite green in water samples by high performance solid phase extraction using maghemite nanoparticles," Talanta, vol. 82, no. 2, p.785–789, Jul. 2010.

DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.05.054

[54] M. R. Islam and M. G. Mostafa, "Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic studies of methyl blue in textile dye effluent on natural clay adsorbent," Sustain Water Resour Manag, vol. 8, no. 2, p.52, Apr. 2022.

DOI: 10.1007/s40899-022-00640-1

[55] S. F. A. Shattar and K. Y. Foo, "Sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite for the adsorptive removal of methylene blue," Sci Rep, vol. 12, no. 1, p.2534, Feb. 2022.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06254-z

[56] R. González-Gómez, A. Ortega, L. M. Lazo, and G. Burillo, "Retention of heavy metal ions on comb-type hydrogels based on acrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine, synthesized by gamma radiation," Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 102, p.117–123, Sep. 2014.

DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.04.026

[57] Saruchi, V. Kumar, A. A. Ghfar, and S. Pandey, "Microwave Synthesize Karaya Gum-Cu, Ni Nanoparticles Based Bionanocomposite as an Adsorbent for Malachite Green Dye: Kinetics and Thermodynamics," Front Mater, vol. 9, Feb. 2022.

DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2022.827314

[58] N. Jović-Jovičić, A. Milutinović-Nikolić, I. Gržetić, and D. Jovanović, "Organobentonite as Efficient Textile Dye Sorbent," Chem Eng Technol, vol. 31, no. 4, p.567–574, Apr. 2008.

DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200700421

[59] M.-F. Hou, C.-X. Ma, W.-D. Zhang, X.-Y. Tang, Y.-N. Fan, and H.-F. Wan, "Removal of rhodamine B using iron-pillared bentonite," J Hazard Mater, vol. 186, no. 2–3, p.1118–1123, Feb. 2011.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.110

[60] T. H. Yen Doan et al., "Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent-Based Surfactant-Modified Alpha Alumina Nanoparticles," J Anal Methods Chem, vol. 2020, p.1–8, Dec. 2020.

DOI: 10.1155/2020/6676320

[61] A. Kausar et al., "Experimental and theoretical studies of Rhodamine B direct dye sorption onto clay-cellulose composite," J Mol Liq, vol. 328, Apr. 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115165

[62] J. Y. de Morais Pinos, L. B. de Melo, S. D. de Souza, L. Marçal, and E. H. de Faria, "Bentonite functionalized with amine groups by the sol-gel route as efficient adsorbent of rhodamine-B and nickel (II)," Appl Clay Sci, vol. 223, p.106494, Jun. 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2022.106494

[63] S. Ullah et al., "Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye onto Mesoporous Natural Inorganic Clays: Their Equilibrium Isotherm and Kinetics Studies," Water (Basel), vol. 13, no. 7, p.965, Mar. 2021.

DOI: 10.3390/w13070965

[64] S. F. A. Shattar, N. A. Zakaria, and K. Y. Foo, "Utilization of montmorillonite as a refining solution for the treatment of ametryn, a second generation of pesticide," J Environ Chem Eng, vol. 5, no. 4, p.3235–3242, Aug. 2017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.06.031

[65] R. Mohadi, N. Normah, E. S. Fitri, and N. R. Palapa, "Unique Adsorption Properties of Cationic Dyes Malachite Green and Rhodamine-B on Longan (Dimocarpus longan) Peel," Science and Technology Indonesia, vol. 7, no. 1, p.115–125, Jan. 2022.

DOI: 10.26554/sti.2022.7.1.115-125

[66] S. Allaoui, M. Naciri Bennani, H. Ziyat, O. Qabaqous, N. Tijani, and N. Ittobane, "Kinetic Study of the Adsorption of Polyphenols from Olive Mill Wastewater onto Natural Clay: Ghassoul," J Chem, vol. 2020, p.1–11, Apr. 2020.

DOI: 10.1155/2020/7293189

[67] J. M. Jabar, Y. A. Odusote, K. A. Alabi, and I. B. Ahmed, "Kinetics and mechanisms of congo-red dye removal from aqueous solution using activated Moringa oleifera seed coat as adsorbent," Appl Water Sci, vol.10, no.6, p.136, Jun. 2020.

DOI: 10.1007/s13201-020-01221-3