Impacts of In Vivo Exposure Static Magnetic Field to Blood Viscosity

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the in-vivo effect of a static magnetic field (SMF) on blood falling time and velocity in a capillary tube. We generated a magnetic field using Helmholtz coils. We exposed rats with 2.4±0.2mT for a duration of one-four weeks and 1-8hrs/day. Blood samples were withdrawn and passed through a capillary viscometer under gravity. Results showed a significant reduction of blood falling time and an increase of blood falling velocity at 2 weeks exposure. The 4hrs and 8hrs exposure per day have reduced the blood falling time from 129±3.94sec to 53.2±1.80sec and 55±2.92sec respectively. The 2hrs exposure for 1 week reduced blood falling velocity from 0.19±0.004cm/sec-0.12±0.002cm/sec. The 4hrs exposure/day showed a similar trend to control samples for the entire durations except for the 4 weeks exposure, which took a long time to pass through the capillary.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1002)
• Pages: 369-378
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1002.369
• Online since: July 2020
• Authors: Bestoon Taha Mustafa*, Sardar Yaba, Asaad Hamid Ismail
• Keywords: Aggregation, Blood Flow, Blood Viscosity, Magnetic Field, Ostwald Viscometer

References

[1] M.J. Sarnak, H. Tighiouart, G. Manjunath, B. MacLeod, J. Griffith, D. Salem, A.S. Levey, Anemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 40 (2002) 27–33.

DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01938-1

[2] G. Ciuffetti, M. Mercuri, E. Mannarino, M.K. Robinson, S.E. Lennie, G. Lowe, Peripheral vascular disease. Rheologic variables during controlled ischemia, Circulation. 80 (1989) 348–352.

DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.80.2.348

[3] B.T. Mustafa, S.P. Yaba, A.H. Ismail, A review of the Effects of Magnetic Field on main blood cells : in vivo and in vitro experiments, ZANCO J. Pure Appl. Sci. 6 (2019) 40–45.

[4] B.T. Mustafa, S.P. Yaba, A.H. Ismail, Influence of static magnetic field on red blood cells parameters and platelets using tests of CBC and microscopy images, Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express. 6 (2020) 25004.

DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab6e21

[5] A.Z. Valant, L. Ziberna, Y. Papaharilaou, A. Anayiotos, G.C. Georgiou, The influence of oxygen concentration on the rheological properties and flow of whole human blood, Rheol. Acta. 55 (2016) 921–933.

DOI: 10.1007/s00397-016-0967-y

[6] J.M. Sherwood, J. Dusting, E. Kaliviotis, S. Balabani, The effect of red blood cell aggregation on velocity and cell-depleted layer characteristics of blood in a bifurcating microchannel, Biomicrofluidics. 6 (2012).

DOI: 10.1063/1.4717755

[7] H.E.A. Baieth, Physical parameters of blood as a non-Newtonian fluid, Int. J. Biomed. Sci. 4 (2008) 323–329.

[8] M.A. Elblbesy, Plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity as diagnostic tools of blood abnormalities by using simple syringe method, Med. Instrum. 2 (2014) 5.

DOI: 10.7243/2052-6962-2-5

[9] D.P. Briley, G.D. Giraud, N.B. Beamer, E.M. Spear, S.E. Grauer, J.M. Edwards, W.M. Clark, G.J. Sexton, B.M. Coull, Spontaneous echo contrast and hemorheologic abnormalities in cerebrovascular disease, Stroke. 25 (1994) 1564–1569.

DOI: 10.1161/01.str.25.8.1564

[10] A.M. El-Khatib, M.M. Mohamed, M.A. Fawzy, A.M. Khalil, M.S. Badawi, R.M. Moussa, Effects of 50-Hz Magnetic Field on Some Biophysical Properties of Albino Rat ' s Blood, Am. J. Res. Commun. 6 (2016) 126–139.

[11] H. Sugano, M. Oda, A New Method for Blood Flow Measurement, Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 10 (1960) 30–37.

[12] S. Kim, S. Yang, D. Lim, Effect of dextran on rheological properties of rat blood, J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 23 (2009) 868–873.

DOI: 10.1007/s12206-009-0211-0

[13] S. Kim, Y.I. Cho, W.N. Hogenauer, K.R. Kensey, A method of isolating surface tension and yield stress effects in a U-shaped scanning capillary-tube viscometer using a casson model, J. Nonnewton. Fluid Mech. 103 (2002) 205–219.

DOI: 10.1016/s0377-0257(02)00004-6

[14] S. Al-Roubaie, E.D. Jahnsen, M. Mohammed, C. Henderson-Toth, E.A.V. Jones, Rheology of embryonic avian blood, Am. J. Physiol. - Hear. Circ. Physiol. 301 (2011) 2473–2481.

DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00475.2011

[15] T. Yamamoto, Y. Nagayama, M. Tamura, A blood-oxygenation-dependent increase in blood viscosity due to a static magnetic field, Phys. Med. Biol. 49 (2004) 3267–3277.

DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/49/14/017

[16] Y. Haik, V. Pai, C.J. Chen, Apparent viscosity of human blood in a high static magnetic field, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 225 (2001) 180–186.

DOI: 10.1016/s0304-8853(00)01249-x

[17] M.A. Mohaseb, F.A. Shahin, F.M. Ali, H.A. Baieth, Effect of electromagnetic fields on some biomechanical and biochemical properties of rat's blood, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 869 (2017) 1-4.

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/869/1/012059

[18] D.G. Hwang, H. Park, W. Kim, J. Lee, H.S. Lee, Disaggregation of stacked red blood cells under strong pulse magnetic field, J. Appl. Phys. 117 (2015) 1–5.

DOI: 10.1063/1.4919263

[19] S. Shin, Y. Ku, N. Babu, M. Singh, Erythrocyte deformability and its variation in diabetes mellitus, Indian J. Exp. Biol. 45 (2007) 121–128.

[20] P. Shi, N. Mohandas, Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Disease, Third Edit, Elsevier, (2014).

[21] H. Bäumler, B. Neu, E. Donath, H. Kiesewetter, Basic phenomena of red blood cell rouleaux formation, Biorheology. 36 (1999) 439–442.

[22] S. Strieth, D. Strelczyk, M.E. Eichhorn, M. Dellian, S. Luedemann, J. Griebel, M. Bellemann, A. Berghaus, G. Brix, Static magnetic fields induce blood flow decrease and platelet adherence in tumor microvessels, Cancer Biol. Ther. 7 (2008) 632–637.

DOI: 10.4161/cbt.7.6.5837

[23] A.A. Kadhim, B.T. Seah, A.M. Zubair, Influence of magnetic field on recrystallization, Adv. Environ. Biol. 10 (2016) 107–110.