High-Temperature Oxidation of AISI441 Ferritic Stainless Steel for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Abstract:

Several ferritic stainless steel grades are widely studied and used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) technology as interconnect materials. Their high-temperature oxidation behavior is interesting to evaluate their applicability at SOFCs operating conditions and to design degradation tests and models predicting the lifetime of a SOFC stack. In this work the AISI441 grade was oxidized in static air at 850°C to study its oxidation kinetic by weight gain measurements. It was found a parabolic growth with a rate constant of 9.42 x 10^-14 g²cm^-4s^-1. Data calculated using the diffusion coefficients of the species involved in the oxidation process resulted in higher weight gain. Discrepancies between the measurements and the model were corrected taking into account the chromium volatilization.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1016)
• Pages: 1381-1385
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1016.1381
• Online since: January 2021
• Authors: Roberto Spotorno*
• Keywords: AISI441, Chromium Volatilization, Ferritic Stainless Steel, Oxidation Kinetics, SOFC

References

[1] P. Piccardo, A. Pecunia, V. Bongiorno, R. Spotorno, Z. Wuillemin, J. P. Ouweltjes, Aging of Materials at Inlet and Outlet Fuel Manifolds in a SOFC Stack, ECS Transactions 68 (2015) 2611-2624.

DOI: 10.1149/06801.2611ecst

[2] V. Bongiorno, P. Piccardo, S. Anelli, R. Spotorno, Influence of Surface Finishing on High-Temperature Oxidation of AISI Type 444 Ferritic Stainless Steel Used in SOFC Stacks, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 30(8) (2017) 697-711.

DOI: 10.1007/s40195-017-0543-1

[3] Z. B. Stoynov, D. E. Vladikova, B. G. Burdin, J. Laurencin, D. Montinaro, A. Nakajo, P. Piccardo, A. Thorel, M. Hubert, R. Spotorno, A. Chesnaud, Differential Resistance Analysis - A New Tool for Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Degradation, MRS Advances 2 (2017) 3991-4003.

DOI: 10.1557/adv.2017.592

[4] R. Spotorno, P. Piccardo, F. Perrozzi, Interaction between Crofer 22 APU Current Collector and LSCF Cathode Contacting Layer under Cell Operation, ECS Transaction 68 (2015) 1633-1640.

DOI: 10.1149/06801.1633ecst

[5] AperamÒK41X datasheet.

[6] J.G. Grolig J. Froitzheim J.-E. Svensson, Coated stainless steel 441 as interconnect material for solid oxide fuelcells: Oxidation performance and chromium evaporation, Journal of Power Sources 248 (2014) 1007-1013.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.089

[7] H. Hindam and D.P. Whittle, Microstructure, Adhesion and Growth Kinetics of Protective Scales on Metal and Alloys, Oxid. Met. 18 (1982) 245-284.

DOI: 10.1007/bf00656571

[8] A. C. S. Sabioni, A. M. Huntz, F. Millot, C. Monty, Self-diffusion in Cr2O3 III. Chromium and oxygen grain-boundary diffusion in polycrystals, Philos Mag A 66 (1992) 361-374.

DOI: 10.1080/01418619208201562

[9] S.C. Tsai, A.M. Huntz, C.Dolin, Growth mechanism of Cr2O3 scales: oxygen and chromium diffusion, oxidation kinetics and effect of yttrium, Mater. Sci. Eng. A212 (1996) 6-13.

DOI: 10.1016/0921-5093(96)10173-8

[10] P. Kofstad and K. P. Lillerud, On High Temperature Oxidation of Chromium, J. Electrochem. Soc. 127 (1980) 2410-2419.

DOI: 10.1149/1.2129481

[11] C. Key, J. Eziashi, J. Froitzheim, R. Amendola, R. Smith, and P. Gannon, Methods to Quantify Reactive Chromium Vaporization from Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnects, J. Electrochem. Soc. 161 (2014) C373-C381.

DOI: 10.1149/2.0041409jes

[12] R. Spotorno, P. Piccardo, F. Perrozzi, S. Valente, M. Viviani, A. Ansar, Microstructural and Electrical Characterization of Plasma Sprayed Cu-Mn Oxide Spinels as Coating on Metallic Interconnects for Stacking Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Fuel Cells 15(5) (2015) 728-734.

DOI: 10.1002/fuce.201400189