Thermal Modification by High Speed In Situ Mixing for Nanoparticles TiO₂ and SDS Surfactant to Paraffin Based PCM Nano Enhanced Composite

Abstract:

The use of liquid-solid type phase change material (PCM) is increasing due to the importance of having a good storage for latent heat, which can be attributed to its wide range of application, such as electronics, buildings, textiles, and the automotive sector. This study employed an experimental procedure through in situ mechanical mixing of paraffin-based PCM and 4Wt% Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) rutile to form nanocomposite PCM with high-speed agitation (900 rpm at 90°C for 60 minutes) and mixed with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) as the dispersant. It was conducted by applying premixing of polar solution (distilled H₂0 + 4Wt% SDS dispersant) to the aforementioned non-polar paraffin-based solution (paraffin wax + 4Wt% TiO₂) in a 1:4 ratio, then cooled naturally. The Fourier Transient Infrared (FTIR) spectrum and the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated a characteristic typical of composite systems, in which. there is no new material system composed. The typical wavenumbers of composite PW+TiO₂ (2918 cm^-1, 2851cm^-1, 1471 cm^-1, 720cm^-1 and 469 cm^-1) were also seen in the FTIR, while high intensity peaks 2θ = 21.4°, 23.8 and low intensity peaks 27.4°, 36.074°, XRD patterns could be tied to monoclinic paraffin crystal with the typical plane diffractions of (110) and (200) and TiO₂. The thermal properties of the composite were measured using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The findings showed that the paraffin based PCM comprised a higher thermal storage capacity of 144.3 J/g compared to its common 104.5 J/g typology. Scanning Electron Microscope observation showed a better dispersion of TiO₂ clusters (smooth, spherical, and spreading). The results ultimately showed that optimizing the agitation speed at the prompt temperature contributes to the increase of the crystallite size and the capacity to isolate the temperature of nanoparticles, which may elicit a growing interest for more practical applications of the nanocomposites PCM.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1028)
• Pages: 240-248
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1028.240
• Online since: April 2021
• Authors: Edwin Arfiansyah, Ariadne Lakshmidevi Juwono*
• Keywords: Composite System, Paraffin Based Composite, PCM Materials, Titanium Dioxide

References

[1] L. Colla, L. Fedele, S. Mancin, B. Buonomo, D. Ercole, and O. Manca, Nano-PCMs for passive electronic cooling applications,, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 655(1) (2015) 012030.

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/655/1/012030

[2] W. Wu, G. Zhang, X. Ke, X. Yang, Z. Wang, and C. Liu, Preparation and thermal conductivity enhancement of composite phase change materials for electronic thermal management,, Energy Convers. Manag., 101 (2015) 278–284.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.05.050

[3] S. Ruokangas, Sasu Ruokangas Rubber - Phase Change Material Composites for,, no. September, (2017).

[4] V. R. Babu and A. Arunraj, Thermo regulated clothing with phase change materials,, J. Text. Eng. Fash. J. Text. Eng. Fash. Technol., 4 (2018) 344-347.

[5] J. Pereira da Cunha and P. Eames, Thermal energy storage for low and medium temperature applications using phase change materials - A review,, Appl. Energy, 177 (20I6) 227-238.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.097

[6] S. K. Jha, S. Nallusamy, and N. M. Prabu, Study and analysis of thermal energy storage system using phase change materials (PCM),, Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., 10(62) (2015) 118–122.

[7] Y. Cui, J. Xie, J. Liu, and S. Pan, Review of Phase Change Materials Integrated in Building Walls for Energy Saving,, Procedia Eng., 121 (2015) 763–770.

DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.027

[8] J. M. Khodadadi, L. Fan, and H. Babaei, Thermal conductivity enhancement of nanostructure-based colloidal suspensions utilized as phase change materials for thermal energy storage: A review,, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 24 (2013) 418-444.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.031

[9] M. de Almeida Bezerra, M. A. Zezzi Arruda, and S. L. Costa Ferreira, Cloud point extraction as a procedure of separation and pre-concentration for metal determination using spectroanalytical techniques: A review,, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev., 40(4) (2005) 269–299.

DOI: 10.1080/05704920500230880

[10] F. Loosli and S. Stoll, Effect of surfactants, pH and water hardness on the surface properties and agglomeration behavior of engineered TiO2 nanoparticles,, Environ. Sci. Nano, 4(1) (2017) 203–211.

DOI: 10.1039/c6en00339g

[11] H. M. Ali, H. Babar, T. R. Shah, M. U. Sajid, M. A. Qasim, and S. Javed, Preparation techniques of TiO2 nanofluids and challenges: A review,, Appl. Sci., 8(4) (2018) 587.

DOI: 10.3390/app8040587

[12] L. L. Schramm, E. N. Stasiuk, and D. G. Marangoni, Surfactants and their applications,, Annu. Reports Prog. Chem. - Sect. C, 99 (2003) 3–48.

DOI: 10.1039/b208499f

[13] J. S. Sefadi, A. S. Luyt, J. Pionteck, F. Piana, and U. Gohs, Effect of surfactant and electron treatment on the electrical and thermal conductivity as well as thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/expanded graphite composites,, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 132 (2015) 42396.

DOI: 10.1002/app.42396

[14] S. Gnanam and V. Rajendran, Influence of Various Surfactants on Size, Morphology, and Optical Properties of CeO 2 Nanostructures via Facile Hydrothermal Route ,, J. Nanoparticles, 2013 (2013) 1–6.

DOI: 10.1155/2013/839391

[15] R. Luo, S. Wang, T. Wang, C. Zhu, T. Nomura, and T. Akiyama, Fabrication of paraffin@SiO2 shape-stabilized composite phase change material via chemical precipitation method for building energy conservation,, Energy Build., 108 (2015) 373-380.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.09.043

[16] B. Zhang, Y. Tian, X. Jin, T. Y. Lo, and H. Cui, "Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Expanded Graphite / Paraffin Gypsum-Based Composite Material Reinforced by Carbon Fiber, 11(11) (2018) 2205.

DOI: 10.3390/ma11112205

[17] J. V. Marques Zoccal, F. de Oliveira Arouca, and J. A. Silveira Goncalves, Síntesis y caracterización de nanopartículas de TiO2 por el método Pechini.,, Mater. Sci. Forum, 660–661 (2010) 6.

[18] J. Wang, J. Yu, X. Zhu, and X. Z. Kong, Preparation of hollow TiO 2 nanoparticles through TiO 2 deposition on polystyrene latex particles and characterizations of their structure and photocatalytic activity,, 7 (2012), 1–8.

DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-646

[19] J. Wang, H. Xie, Z. Guo, L. Guan, and Y. Li, Improved thermal properties of paraffin wax by the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles,, Appl. Therm. Eng., 73(2) (2014) 1541–1547.

DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.05.078

[20] S. Nabi and E. Shirani, Simultaneous effects of Brownian motion and clustering of nanoparticles on thermal conductivity of nanofluids,, Iran. J. Sci. Technol. - Trans. Mech. Eng., 36 (2012) 53–68.

[21] C. R. C. Hak, D. N. E. Fatanah, Y. Abdullah and M. Y. M. Sulaiman, The Effect of Surfactants on the Stability of TiO2 Aqueous Suspension,, Int. J. Curr. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., 1 (2018) 172–178.

DOI: 10.30967/ijcrset.1.s1.2018.172-178