Materials Science Forum Vol. 1037

Abstract: The paper considers structural changes in the concrete composition that occur under the influence of neutrons of the reactor spectrum, using the example of the IR-100 research nuclear reactor, taking into account its real time and operating conditions. Thus, taking into account the energy output, power operation modes, and neutron flux density in the core, over time, nuclides that are not characteristic of the original composition of the concrete component are formed in the nodes of the crystal lattice. However, these changes do not lead to significant structural changes.

Abstract: The paper enlightens the connection between the specifics of the fine-grained concrete structure and the mechanics of its destruction under crack propagation with due account of damping effect of limestone fines. It is possible to obtain specific information about the ways of controlling the structure formation of concrete by finding out the relationship between the mechanism of formation, and damping mechanism of limestone additives retarding the crack propagation during consolidation and destruction of concrete.

Abstract: Information on the stress state of protective and decorative coatings during the curing process, in particular on the cohesive state of destruction, is given. The influence of the type of substrate on the change in internal stresses in the coating is considered. It was revealed that the greatest value of shear stresses is observed in coatings on a heavyweight concrete substrate. The subsequent increase in temperature after curing to 50°C leads to an increase in the value of the normal stresses. The probability of cracking of coatings during thermal aging is estimated. It was revealed that during aging there is an exponential decrease in the cohesive strength of coatings and an increase in internal stresses. Aging tends to increase the likelihood of cracking of coatings. The change in stresses in coatings as a result of seasonal fluctuations in air temperature is considered.

Abstract: Metal enameling is widely used in construction, which differs enameled products from other building materials: the ability to obtain a variety of colors and surfaces; resistance of the surface under the influence of the atmosphere and sunlight; high corrosion resistance; light weight, lightness and quick installation; fire resistance; ease of cleaning; the possibility of mechanizing the manufacture of parts in serial production. The authors of the article have developed the compositions of enamel coatings and investigated their aesthetic and consumer and technical and operational properties. Also, three compositions of new enamel coatings for architectural and construction panels have been developed and enamel coatings of various colors, including pastel colors, have been obtained on their basis.

Abstract: Energy saving is one of today’s biggest challenges. Since the construction industry is very energy intensive, there is a question of drastic reduction of energy consumption in all types of buildings. There are different approaches to this issue, but ultimately there is a need to create materials that have high thermal resistance.

Abstract: The paper considers the relationship of the rheological properties of three-phase dispersed systems with capillary coupling and, on this basis, substantiates the possibility of directional regulation of the rheological properties of raw materials for the production of building materials. It is shown that the rheological properties of two-phase dispersed systems are determined mainly by the action of intermolecular forces in the liquid-filled contact zones of solid phase particles, and in three-phase systems – by the action of capillary coupling forces.

Abstract: The article presents a study of the possibility of controlling the emission activity of heavy metals from building materials and structures. It has been established that the most active emission processes from building materials obtained using industrial wastes placed in aqueous media occur in the first five days in a neutral medium, and in the first ten days in an acidic medium. After that, the concentration of heavy metals in the aquatic environment begins to decrease. The results obtained on particular examples made it possible to establish dependencies that determine the intensity of emission processes under various conditions of contact between building materials and an aqueous medium. These dependencies are of a general nature and can be used to predict and control the formation of anthropogenic load. It is shown that the control of emission processes from building structures is possible by forming the structure of the material in the direction of increasing its hydrophobicity, density, and the content of alkaline compounds.

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to study the possibility of using secondary resources of metallurgical production, namely: steel-making slag and carbon dioxide in the production of vibropress products for construction purposes. The tests were carried out with the complete replacement of the coarse aggregate in the concrete mixture with steelmaking slag and varying the hardening processes. The optimal condition for strength gain is hardening in carbon dioxide at an increased pressure of 0,2 MPa.

Abstract: The features of the use of waste foundry sand to obtain secondary products are presented. The properties of the surface of mineral particles of waste molding sand are described. It is shown that on the surface of the particles there is a porous layer capable of increasing the adhesion forces of mineral particles with bitumen in the production of asphalt concrete. It has been established that the modified surface of the waste foundry sand contains up to 40% carbon, which provides an increase in the adhesion force between the mineral particles of the waste foundry sand and bitumen. It has been experimentally proven that the use of waste foundry sand in the composition of asphalt concrete can improve its physical and mechanical properties.

Abstract: The paper shows studies of modified cement compositions with micro-filler. As such a micro-filler, an ash product is used - an activated waste of an ash-and-slag mixture. The enriched aluminosilicate waste is characterized by a fairly stable chemical and particle size distribution. The used activation of the ash product allows for a more dense packing of particles in the composition of the binder dispersed system. The high dispersion of the ash component requires additional plasticization of the dispersed system. Despite the fact that during the activation process the destruction of large-pore particles remaining after flotation occurs, the introduction of a plasticizer also improves the rheological characteristics of the compositions, and, consequently, increases the strength and density of the modified cement stone with the addition of a microfiller.