Effect of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Composition on the Biodegradability of Bioplastics Based on Plantain Peel Starch (Musa Paradisiaca L.) and Shrimp Shell Chitosan

Abstract:

The use of biodegradable materials from renewable natural resources helps to reduce the percentage of plastic waste. In this study, we used banana peel starch (Musa Paradisiaca L.) and shrimp shell chitosan as the basic material for bioplastic by adding glycerol. In this process, additives in the form of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are also used. to increase the biodegradability level of the bioplastic. The composition of chitosan and glycerol used were 1 gr and 1%, respectively. Starch variations were 1, 2, and 3 grams, while CMC were 0.5, 1, and 1.5 grams. The results of this study, namely the Optical Microscope test showed that the bioplastic structure still contained pinholes (air bubbles), indentations, and non-homogeneous starch. In the tensile test conducted on samples G and C, the average tensile strength was 0.01063 MPa, the average elongation was 2.65% and the average Young's modulus was 2.159 MPa. The results of the Biodegradation Test showed that variations in the addition of CMC composition to bioplastics significantly affect the percent degradation value, where the greater the CMC composition, the higher the percent degradation value.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1160)
• Pages: 11-18
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-S6mI7t
• Online since: October 2025
• Authors: Nia Sasria*, Oktaviani Tang, Hizkia Alpha Dewanto
• Keywords: Biodegradability, Bioplastic, Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Starch

References

[1] B.R. Widiatmono, A.A. Sulianto, C. Debora, Biodegradabilitas bioplastik berbahan dasar limbah cair tahu dengan penguat kitosan dan plasticizer gliserol, J. Sumberdaya Alam Lingk. 8 (2021) 21-27.

DOI: 10.21776/ub.jsal.2021.008.01.3

[2] A. Rahman, K. Syamsu, Isroi, Biodegradability of bioplastic from oil palm empty fruit bunch, JPSL. 9 (2019) 259-264.

[3] Muhammad, R. Ridara, Masrullita, Sintesis bioplastik dari pati biji alpukat dengan bahan pengisi kitosan, J. Teknol. Kim. UNIMAL. 9 (2020) 01-11.

DOI: 10.29103/jtku.v9i2.3340

[4] M.R.B. Saputra, E. Supriyo, Pembuatan plastik biodegradable menggunakan pati dengan penambahan katalis ZnO dan stabilizer gliserol, PENTANA. 1 (2020) 41-51.

[5] F. Hanum, I.M.D. Kaban, M.A. Tarigan, Ekstraksi pektin dari kulit buah pisang raja (musa sapientum), Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU. 1 (2012) 21-26.

DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v1i2.1413

[6] S. Elystia, N.A.H. Hasibuan, Zultiniar, Pemanfaatan bionanomaterial chitosan dari limbah cangkang kulit udang sebagai adsorben dalam pengolahan air gambut, J. Ilmu Lingk. 3 (2022) 570-578.

DOI: 10.14710/jil.20.3.570-578

[7] A.R. Kusmiati, Nurhayati. Pemanfaatan kitosan dari cangkang udang sebagai adsorben logam berat Pb pada limbah praktikum kimia farmasi, Indones. J. Laboratory. 3 (2020) 6-14.

DOI: 10.22146/ijl.v3i1.60789

[8] S. Solekah, N. Sasria, H.A. Dewanto, Pengaruh penambahan gliserol dan kitosan kulit udang terhadap biodegradasi dan ketahanan air plastik biodegradable, Al-Kimiya: J. Ilmu Kim. Ter. 8 (2021) 80-86.

DOI: 10.15575/ak.v8i2.13917

[9] N. Sasria, Asrilsyah, M.P.D. Lubis, A. Zulfikar, R.A. Tanjung, Sintesis dan karakterisasi plastik biodegradable berbasis pati nasi aking dan kitosan cangkang udang, Teknika: J. Sains Teknol. 16 (2020) 231–236.

DOI: 10.36055/tjst.v16i2.8700

[10] N. Sasria, R. Hernando, M.P.D. Lubis, A. Zulfikar, Production of biodegradable plastics using aking rice starch and chitosan from crab shells as a substitute for conventional plastic, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 1053 (2021) 1-9.

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1053/1/012079

[11] R.D.A. Putri, A. Setiawan, P. Anggraini, Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) as biopolymers to the edible film sorghum starch hydrophobicity characteristics, AIP Conf. Proc. 1818 (2017) 1-5.

DOI: 10.1063/1.4976908

[12] A. Alfiani, N. Sasria, M.P.D. Lubis, Pengaruh carboxymethyl celullose terhadap karakteristik bioplastik menggunakan tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan pati ampas tahu, JIP. 12(2023) 12-16.

DOI: 10.36055/jip.v12i1.18932

[13] Q. Zhong, W. Xia, Physicochemical properties of edible and preservative film from chitosan/cassava starch/gelatin blend plasticized with glycerol, Food Techno. Biotechnol. 46 (2008) 262-269.

[14] Y. Tokiwa, B.P. Calabia, C. Ugwu, S. Aiba, Biodegradability of plastics, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 10 (2005) 3722-3742.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms10093722

[15] M. Gill, Bioplastic: a better alternative to plastics, Impact: IJRANSS. 2 (2014) 115-120.