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Extraction of Gelatin Biopolymer from Short Mackerel Bone (Rastrelliger brachysoma)

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Abstract:

Gelatin biopolymer is well known as a food additive such as food thickener. Main sources of gelatin biopolymer are from cattle such as pig and cow. Fish bone, which is currently seen as food waste, is an alternative source of gelatin biopolymer. In Indonesia, short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) is one of the popular sea fish for consumption. Mackerel bone as food waste, had potential to utilize for gelatin biopolymer source. Besides for food industry, gelatin biopolymer that can be applied as a material for pharmaceutical (for drug delivery system) and biomaterial (scaffolds for bone and tissue regeneration). In this study, gelatin biopolymer is extracted from mackerel bones using a citric acid solution in the demineralization process. Citric acid is used since it is food grade. The extraction process is divided into four stages from raw material preparation, demineralization, hydrolysis, and drying. The concentration of citric acid for demineralization and demineralization (immersion) time are being optimized to obtain the optimum results for yield, water content and heavy metal (Pb) concentration. The gelatin biopolymer in this result has the pH value of 4, which is fulfilled the national standard in Indonesia (SNI). The citric acid concentration of 11% with 48-hour immersion time shows an optimum result. In this condition, it shows the highest extraction yield of 2.1 weight %, with the water content of 11.33 weight% and heavy metal (Pb) concentration of 1.93 weight%.

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Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 1178)

Pages:

113-118

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-H35gs2

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Online since:

February 2026

Authors:

Eduardus Budi Nursanto*, Shavira El Madina, Ayu Dahliyanti

Keywords:

Extraction, Gelatin Biopolymer, Mackerel Bone

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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