Paper Titles

Hybrid Hemp/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites: Manufacturing, Mechanical Behaviour and Environmental Assessment
p.1

Deep Learning-Based Quality Classification of Cold Spray Coatings with Explainable Feature Analysis
p.17

Increasing Strength of Recycled Materials by Fiberglass Pulverization and Powder Direct Molding
p.29

Evaluation of Anti-Fouling Behavior of Silver Nanocomposites Made by Nano-Coating Fragmentation
p.37

Shape Memory Behavior of 3D-Printed Biomedical Polyurethane with Room Temperature Transition
p.45

Analysis of Connection Geometries for Segmented Stator Cores Machined with Laser Beam Cutting
p.55

Estimation of the Lateral Gap in PECM: A Case Study on Tool Steel S390
p.63

Beading as a Stabilising Element for Thin Wooden Panels
p.75

HomeMaterials Science ForumMaterials Science Forum Vol. 1187Hybrid Hemp/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites:...

Hybrid Hemp/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites: Manufacturing, Mechanical Behaviour and Environmental Assessment

Article Preview

View Pdf By email

Abstract:

This study analysed the mechanical performances and the environmental sustainability of hybrid hemp/carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites produced adopting different stacking sequences. In this context, three carbon layers were replaced with hemp ones and were positioned either at the mid-plane of the laminate in a symmetric configuration (S sample) and near to the external side of the composite material in an asymmetric configuration (A-HC sample). Additional full carbon sample (CFRP) and hemp sample (HFRP) were manufactured and used as reference materials. The mechanical behaviour of these materials was investigated through flexural, interlaminar shear and low-velocity impact (LVI) tests, and a cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was performed to quantify their environmental impacts in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP). The experimental results revealed that hemp/carbon hybridisation in composite systems makes it possible to achieve a trade-off between mechanical performances and sustainability. Some of the investigated hybrid configurations exhibited mechanical properties comparable to conventional CFRPs thanks to strength, stiffness and enhanced energy absorption capability which depend on the stacking strategy and the presence of natural fibres that contribute to the damage mitigation. From an environmental perspective, thanks to numerous advantages in the use of hemp fibres, hybrid solutions significantly reduce the global warming potential compared to CFRPs, confirming that hemp/carbon hybridisation represents a promising strategy to balance structural performance and environmental.

You have full access to the following eBook

Special Materials and Processes

Info:

Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 1187)

Pages:

1-15

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-JN0Wa7

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

April 2026

Authors:

Dario de Fazio*, Iacopo Bianchi, Luca Boccarusso, Massimo Durante, Chiara Mignanelli, Martina Panico, Fulvio Pinto, Michela Simoncini

Keywords:

Biocomposite, Flexural Behaviour, Life Cycle Assessment

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Permissions:

Creative Commons CC BY 4.0

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

[1] P. Taylor, R.S. Joshi, H. Singh, I. Singh, R.S. Joshi, H. Singh, I. Singh, Modulation-Assisted Drilling of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics Modulation-Assisted Drilling of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics, Mater. Manuf. Process. 29 (2014) 37–41.

DOI: 10.1080/10426914.2014.880462

[2] C.L. Tan, A.I. Azmi, N. Muhammad, Delamination and Surface Roughness Analyses in Drilling Hybrid Carbon/Glass Composite, Mater. Manuf. Process. 31 (2016) 1366–1376.

DOI: 10.1080/10426914.2015.1103864

[3] R. Hsissou, R. Seghiri, Z. Benzekri, M. Hilali, M. Ra, A. Elhar, Polymer composite materials : A comprehensive review, Compos. Struct. 262 (2021) 113640.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113640

[4] D. De Fazio, L. Boccarusso, A. Formisano, A. Viscusi, M. Durante, A Review on the Recycling Technologies of Fibre-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Materials Used in Industrial Fields, J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 11 (2023) 851.

DOI: 10.3390/jmse11040851

[5] F. Pinto, L. Boccarusso, D. De Fazio, S. Cuomo, M. Durante, M. Meo, Carbon/hemp bio-hybrid composites: Effects of the stacking sequence on flexural, damping and impact properties, Compos. Struct. 242 (2020) 112148.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112148

[6] L. Boccarusso, F. Pinto, S. Cuomo, D. De Fazio, K. Myronidis, M. Durante, M. Meo, Design, Manufacturing, and Characterization of Hybrid Carbon/Hemp Sandwich Panels, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 31 (2022) 769–785.

DOI: 10.1007/s11665-021-06186-1

[7] L. Boccarusso, D. De Fazio, K. Myronidis, M. Durante, F. Pinto, Bio ‑ inspired optimisation design strategy of graded hemp core for hybrid carbon / hemp sandwich laminates, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. (2024).

DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4809107/v1

[8] L. Boccarusso, F. Pinto, K. Myronidis, D. De Fazio, M. Durante, Thin Hybrid Hemp/Carbon Fiber Composites: Manufacturing, Flexural, and Impact Behavior, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 32 (2023) 3914–3922.

DOI: 10.1007/s11665-023-07992-5

[9] L. Boccarusso, V. Antonucci, I. Bianchi, P. Carlone, L. Donati, A. Langella, G. Parodo, F. Quadrini, L. Raimondi, M.R. Ricciardi, L. Santo, M. Simoncini, L. Sorrentino, F. Tucci, Challenges and Opportunities for Composite Manufacturing from a Sustainable Perspective, in: 2025: p.261–306.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-99501-9_13

[10] F. Rizzo, F. Pinto, M. Meo, Development of multifunctional hybrid metal/carbon composite structures, Compos. Struct. 222 (2019) 110907.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.110907

[11] C. Bellini, G. Parodo, W. Polini, L. Sorrentino, Experimental investigation of hydrothermal ageing on single lap bonded CFRP joints, Procedia Struct. Integr. 9 (2018) 101–107.

DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.06.017

[12] C. Dong, Uncertainties in flexural strength of carbon/glass fibre reinforced hybrid epoxy composites, Compos. Part B Eng. 98 (2016) 176–181.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.05.035

[13] Y. Zhong, M. Cheng, X. Zhang, H. Hu, D. Cao, S. Li, Hygrothermal durability of glass and carbon fiber reinforced composites – A comparative study, Compos. Struct. 211 (2019) 134–143.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.12.034

[14] D.K. Jesthi, R.K. Nayak, Improvement of mechanical properties of hybrid composites through interply rearrangement of glass and carbon woven fabrics for marine application, Compos. Part B Eng. 168 (2019) 467–475.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.03.042

[15] P. yan Hung, K. tak Lau, L. kwan Cheng, J. Leng, D. Hui, Impact response of hybrid carbon/glass fibre reinforced polymer composites designed for engineering applications, Compos. Part B Eng. 133 (2018) 86–90.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.026

[16] F. Sarasini, J. Tirillò, S. D'Altilia, T. Valente, C. Santulli, F. Touchard, L. Chocinski-Arnault, D. Mellier, L. Lampani, P. Gaudenzi, Damage tolerance of carbon/flax hybrid composites subjected to low velocity impact, Compos. Part B Eng. 91 (2016) 144–153.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.01.050

[17] M.J. Le Guen, R.H. Newman, A. Fernyhough, G.W. Emms, M.P. Staiger, The damping–modulus relationship in flax–carbon fibre hybrid composites, Compos. Part B Eng. 89 (2016) 27–33.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.10.046

[18] A. Dér, A. Kaluza, D. Kurle, C. Herrmann, S. Kara, R. Varley, Life Cycle Engineering of Carbon Fibres for Lightweight Structures, Procedia CIRP. 69 (2018) 43–48.

DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2017.11.007

[19] C. Santulli, Mechanical and Impact Damage Analysis on Carbon/Natural Fibers Hybrid Composites: A Review, Materials (Basel). 12 (2019) 517.

DOI: 10.3390/ma12030517

[20] J. Flynn, A. Amiri, C. Ulven, Hybridized carbon and flax fiber composites for tailored performance, Mater. Des. 102 (2016) 21–29.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.164

[21] P. Linger, J. Müssig, H. Fischer, J. Kobert, Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) growing on heavy metal contaminated soil: fibre quality and phytoremediation potential, Ind. Crops Prod. 16 (2002) 33–42.

DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6690(02)00005-5

[22] L. Zampori, G. Dotelli, V. Vernelli, Life cycle assessment of hemp cultivation and use of hemp-based thermal insulator materials in buildings, Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 (2013) 7413–7420.

DOI: 10.1021/es401326a

[23] L. Boccarusso, D. De Fazio, K. Myronidis, M. Durante, F. Pinto, Bio-inspired optimisation design strategy of graded hemp core for hybrid carbon/hemp sandwich laminates, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 135 (2024) 2811–2827.

DOI: 10.1007/s00170-024-14604-6

[24] D. De Fazio, L. Boccarusso, A. Formisano, R. Grappa, G. Luciani, F. Branda, M. Durante, Mechanical and Solvothermal Recycling of End-of-Life Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Products: Process Feasibility and Flexural Performance of Recycled Composites, Polymers (Basel). 17 (2025) 1–16.

DOI: 10.3390/polym17070878

[25] M.L. Scutaru, M. Baba, Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Carbon-Hemp Laminated Composites Used as Thermal Insulation for Different Industrial Applications, Adv. Mech. Eng. 6 (2014) 829426.

DOI: 10.1155/2014/829426

[26] Satish, B. Singh, International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science ( IJTIMES ) Structural Design of Fuselage, Int. J. Tech. Innov. Mod. Eng. Sci. Impact. 5 (2019) 473–477.

[27] M. Ramesh, C. Deepa, G.R. Arpitha, V. Gopinath, Effect of hybridization on properties of hemp-carbon fibre-reinforced hybrid polymer composites using experimental and finite element analysis, World J. Eng. 16 (2019) 248–259.

DOI: 10.1108/wje-04-2018-0125

[28] ASTM INTERNATIONAL, D790-Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials., Annu. B. ASTM Stand. (2002) 1–12.

DOI: 10.1520/d0790-07

[29] ASTM INTERNATIONAL., D2344-C. Materials, Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials, i (2016) 1–8.

[30] A. Forcellese, M. Marconi, M. Simoncini, A. Vita, Life cycle impact assessment of different manufacturing technologies for automotive CFRP components, J. Clean. Prod. 271 (2020) 122677.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122677

[31] A.D. La Rosa, G. Recca, J. Summerscales, A. Latteri, G. Cozzo, G. Cicala, Bio-based versus traditional polymer composites. A life cycle assessment perspective, J. Clean. Prod. 74 (2014) 135–144.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.017

[32] Y.S. Song, J.R. Youn, T.G. Gutowski, Life cycle energy analysis of fiber-reinforced composites, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 40 (2009) 1257–1265.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.05.020

[33] I. Bianchi, A. Forcellese, I. Taha, Comparative LCA of fully biobased and synthetic polymer composites accounting for fiber treatment, J. Clean. Prod. 530 (2025) 146846.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146846

[34] L. Boccarusso, L. Carrino, M. Durante, A. Formisano, A. Langella, F. Memola Capece Minutolo, Hemp fabric/epoxy composites manufactured by infusion process: Improvement of fire properties promoted by ammonium polyphosphate, Compos. Part B Eng. 89 (2016) 117–126.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.10.045

[35] L. Boccarusso, M. Durante, A. Langella, Lightweight hemp/bio-epoxy grid structure manufactured by a new continuous process, Compos. Part B Eng. 146 (2018) 165–175.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.009

[36] F. Meng, E.A. Olivetti, Y. Zhao, J.C. Chang, S.J. Pickering, J. McKechnie, Comparing Life Cycle Energy and Global Warming Potential of Carbon Fiber Composite Recycling Technologies and Waste Management Options, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 6 (2018) 9854–9865.

DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01026

[37] J. Beigbeder, L. Soccalingame, D. Perrin, J. Bénézet, A. Bergeret, How to manage biocomposites wastes end of life ? A life cycle assessment approach ( LCA ) focused on polypropylene ( PP )/ wood flour and polylactic acid ( PLA )/ flax fibres biocomposites, Waste Manag. 83 (2019) 184–193.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.012