Evaluation of the Energetic Valorization Potential of Polymeric and Textile Industrial Wastes

Abstract:

Among the solid wastes produced by textile industry, there is a significant amount of wastes with energetic value and which are usually sent to controlled landfills, without any recovery. This traditional route corresponds to high economical and environmental costs, since wastes can be used as a source of energy and/or materials. With the recycling route strongly restricted due to the presence of mixtures of different types of polymeric compounds, some of them not biodegradable, the study of the feasibility of energy recovery from such wastes is of upmost importance and the aim of the present work. Most of the wastes are valuable resources that can be used as raw materials or as an energy source to produce heat or electricity. In this work the potentiality of energy recovery from solid wastes of some of the Vale do Ave textile units was investigated. For that purpose, wastes have been characterized for their weight loss at 105°C, calorific value and ashes content (after burning out at 850°C). The chemical composition of the ashes was determined by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry. DSC-TGA tests were performed in two different atmospheres, air and argon, in order to evaluate the thermal behavior of the studied wastes. The characterized wastes showed calorific values not negligible, varying from 3500 to10400 kcal/kg (at dry base), similar to the results obtained by others authors and comparable to solid materials which are traditionally considered as fuels (sugar cane, lignite, etc). A weight loss at (105°C) lower than 6.5% and a maximum ashes content of 15% was achieved. However, some ashes present high contents of heavy metals, which can drives to environmental concerns. By the analysis of the thermal profiles it was found that wastes decomposition takes place at low temperatures (< 600°C) resulting in a small amount of the final solid fraction. Concerning the obtained results, the solid wastes collected from different textile units show high potential for energy recovery.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volumes 730-732)
• Pages: 592-597
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.730-732.592
• Online since: November 2012
• Authors: Célia Sousa, Fernando Castro, Cândida Vilarinho, Delfim Soares
• Keywords: Energy Recovery, Solid Waste, Textile Industry

References

[1] B. McGhee, F. McGhee, C. E. Snape, P. J Hall, The copyrolysis of poly(vinylchloride) with cellulose derived materials as a model for municipal waste derived chars, Fuel 74 (1995) 28-31.

DOI: 10.1016/0016-2361(94)p4326-w

[2] V. I. Grover, V. K. Grover, W. Hogland, Recovering energy from waste – various aspects, Energy 29 (2004) 629-631.

DOI: 10.1016/s0360-5442(03)00142-7

[3] S. V. Vassilev, C. Braekman-Danheux,P. Laurent, Characterization of refuse-derived char from municipal solid waste: 1. Phase-mineral and chemical composition, Fuel Processing Technology 59 (1999) 95–134.

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-3820(99)00017-x

[4] N. Lapa, R. Barbosa, M. H. Lopes, B. Mendesa, P. Abelha, I. Gulyurtlu, J.Santos Oliveira, Chemical and ecotoxicological characterization of ashes obtained from sewage sludge combustion in a fluidised-bed reactor, Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 175–183.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.064

[5] Y.B. Yang, A.N. Phan, C. Ryu, V. Sharifi, J. Swithenbank, Mathematical modelling of slow pyrolysis of segregated solid wastes in a packed-bed pyrolyser, Fuel 86 (2007) 169–180.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.07.012

[6] C.Ryu, A.N. Phan, V.N. Sharifi, J. Swithenbank, Co-combustion of textile residues with cardboard and waste wood in a packed bed, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 32 (2007) 450–458.

DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2007.05.008

[7] Y.M. Chang, On pyrolysis of waste tire: degradation rate and product yields, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 17 (1996) 125- 139.

DOI: 10.1016/0921-3449(96)01059-2

[8] Y. Ohmukai, I. Hasegawa, K. Mae, Pyrolysis of the mixture of biomass and plastics in countercurrent flow reactor Part I: Experimental analysis and modeling of kinetics, Fuel 87 (2008) 3105–3111.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.005

[9] C.Ryu, A.N. Phan, V.N. Sharifi, J. Swithenbank, Combustion of textile residues in a packed bed, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 31 (2007) 887–895.

DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2006.09.004

[10] E. Vasconcelos, Análise da Indústria Têxtil e do Vestuário - Estudo Edit Value, Universidade do Minho (2006).

[11] P.E. Campbell, J. T. McMullan, B.C. Williams, F. Aumann, Cocombustion of coal and textiles in a small-scale circulating fluidised bed boiler in Germany, Fuel Processing Technology 67 (2000) 115–129.

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-3820(00)00094-1

[12] J.Baron, E. M. Bulewicz, S. Kandefer, M. Pilawska, W. Zukowski, A.N. ; Hayhurst, The combustion of polymer pellets in a bubbling fluidised bed, Fuel. Vol. 85 (2006) 2494–2508.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.05.004

[13] J. E. Aubert, B. Husson,N. Sarramone, Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in blended cement Part 1: Processing and characterization of MSWI fly ash, Journal of Hazardous Materials B136 (2006) 624–631.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.041

[14] A. Angyal, N. Miskolczi, L. Bartha, Petrochemical feedstock by thermal cracking of plastic waste, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 79 (2007) 409–414.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2006.12.031

[15] E. F. Lucas, B. G. Soares, E. Monteiro, Caracterização de Polímeros - Rio de Janeiro – Brasil, E-papers Serviços Editoriais (2001) 213-280 ISBN 85-87922-25-4.

[16] S.S. ThipsE, C. Shen, M.R. Booty R.S. Magee, J.W. Bozzelli, Chemical makeup and physical characterization of a synthetic fuel and methods of heat content evaluation for studies on MSW incineration, Fuel 81 (2002) 211-217.

DOI: 10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00133-8

[17] A. N. Phan, C. Ryu, V. N. Sharifi, J. Swithenbank, Characterisation of slow pyrolysis products from segregated wastes for energy production, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 81 (2008) 65–71.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2007.09.001

[18] E. S. Domalski, T.L. Jobe, T.A. Milne, Thermodynamic data for biomass conversion and waste incineration. Solar Technical Information Program of the Solar Energy Research Institute, prepared by the National Bureau of Standards (1986).

DOI: 10.2172/7038865