Preparation and Releasing Characteristics of Controlled Release Potassium Permanganate

Abstract:

To extend the duration of KMnO₄ in the groundwater in situ remediation, controlled release oxidant was prepared by dispersing the KMnO₄ particles in the molten paraffin wax. Preparation conditions, including KMnO₄ particles size, ultrasonic treatment time and the weight ratio of KMnO₄ to wax (P/W) were optimized. The results showed that the average volume particle size of 13.20 μm and ultrasonic treatment of 10 min contribute to the most uniform dispersion of the KMnO₄ particles in the molten paraffin wax. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the increased amount of KMnO₄ caused the crushed structure of paraffin wax, which resulted in the higher porosity of wax to contain more KMnO₄. The KMnO₄ loading amount increased significantly along with the increase of the P/W. However, the loading amount almost reached saturation by 609.63 mg/g when the P/W increased to 2/1. The releasing characteristics of the samples in the distilled water and the KMnO₄ residual amount at different radial distance in the sample were examined by the bench scale tests. The releasing of KMnO₄ could be divided into four periods and stable release took place after 40 d. Controlled release KMnO₄ oxidant with P/W at 1/35 was used to remove COD in the leachate and 82.9% removal efficiency was obtained after 120 d treatment.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volumes 743-744)
• Pages: 782-788
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.743-744.782
• Online since: January 2013
• Authors: Shuang Shi Dong, Jin Wang, Yan Long Wang, Jian Bin Zhang, Dan Dan Zhou, Chun Yan Shao
• Keywords: Controlled Release, Leachate, Load Amount, Potassium Permanganate

References

[1] M.C. Schnarr, T.G. Farquhar, E. Hood, T. Gonullu, B.J. Stickney, Laboratory and controlled field experiments using potassium permanganate to remediate trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene DNAPLs in porous media, J. Contam. Hydrol. 29 (1998).

DOI: 10.1016/s0169-7722(97)00012-0

[2] Y.E. Yan, F.W. Schwartz, Kinetics and mechanisms for TCE oxidation by Permanganate, Environ. Sci. Technol. 34 (2000) 2535-41.

DOI: 10.1021/es991279q

[3] B.S. Lee, J.H. Kim, K.C. Lee, Y.B. Kim, F.W. Schwartz, E.S. Lee, et al., Efficacy of controlled-release KMnO4 (CRP) for controlling dissolved TCE plume in groundwater: A large flow-tank study, Chemosphere. 74 (2009) 745-50.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.062

[4] Y. Seol, F.W. Schwartz, H. Zhang, A review of in situ chemical oxidation and heterogeneity, Environ. Eng. Geosci. 9 (2002) 37–50.

[5] D. Amarante, Applying in situ chemical oxidation several oxidizers provide an effective first step in groundwater and soil remediation, Pollut. Eng. 32 (2000) 40-2.

[6] M. Crimi, M. Quickel, S. Ko, Enhanced permanganate in situ chemical oxidation through MnO2 particle stabilization: Evaluation in 1-D transport systems, J. Contam. Hydrol. 105 (2009) 69-79.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.11.007

[7] E.S. Lee, Y. Seol, Y.C. Fang, F.W. Schwartz, Destruction efficiencies and dynamics of reaction fronts associated with the permanganate oxidation of trichloroethylene, Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003) 2540-46.

DOI: 10.1021/es0261731

[8] M.H. Schroth, M. Oostrom, T.W. Wietsma, J.D. Istok, In situ oxidation of trichloroethene by permanganate: effects on porous medium hydraulic properties, J. Contam. Hydrol. 50 (2001) 79-98.

DOI: 10.1016/s0169-7722(01)00098-5

[9] R.L. Siegrist, M.A. Urynowicz, O.R. West, M.L. Crimi, K.S. Lowe, Principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation using permanganate, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, 2001, pp.336-41.

DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00355-7

[10] E.S. Lee, F.W. Schwartz, Characterization and applications of controlled- release KMnO4 for groundwater remediation, Chemosphere. 66 (2007) 2058-66.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.093