Effect of Chemical Composition of Glassy Phase of Porcelain Stoneware on Product Brittleness

Abstract:

During the operation of porcelain stoneware sometimes there is a type of defects associated with crumbling from the edge of tile. In addition, cracks occur when a small object is fallen and during transportation of the products. Compared to conventional ceramic floor tiles, porcelain stoneware has increased strength, which explains its high price. The brittle failure is most likely, due to the hardening of glassy phase of tiles during cooling stage of the firing process. As a rule, the quenching temperature depends on the chemical composition of the glassy phase formed during firing. Both the phase and chemical composition of porcelain stoneware, and the chemical composition of the glassy phase are determined.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 989)
• Pages: 254-259
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.989.254
• Online since: May 2020
• Authors: Irina A. Pavlova*, A.S. Kiyko, Elena P. Farafontova
• Keywords: Ceramic Granite, Ceramic Tiles, Feldspar, Glassy Phase, Hardening, Porcelain Stoneware, Quenching

References

[1] E. Sánchez, J. García-Ten, V. Sanz et al, Porcelain tile: Almost 30 Years of Steady Scientific-Technological Evolution, Ceramics International, 36(3) (2010) 831-845.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.11.016

[2] L. Baraldi, World Production and Consumption of Ceramic Tiles, Ceramic World Review, 118 (2016) 68-80.

[3] Ceramic (ceramic granites) plates. Specifications, GOST R 57141-2016.

[4] G. Biffi, Porcelain Stoneware, Gruppo Editoriale Faenza (Ed.), (1997).

[5] L. Esposito, A. Tucci, D. Naldi, The Reliability of Polished Porcelain Stoneware Tiles, J Eur Ceram Soc, 25 (2005) 1487-1498.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.05.030

[6] W.M. Carty, U. Senapati, Porcelain – Raw Materials, Processing, Phase Evolution and Mechanical Behavior, J Amer Ceram Soc, 81 (1998) 3-20.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02290.x

[7] Ola Saleh Mahdi, Study the Influence of Sintering on the Properties of Porcelain Stoneware Tiles, Int J Appl Eng Research, 13 (2018) 3248-3254.

[8] C. Zanelli, M. Raimondo, M. Dondi et al, Sintering Mechanisms of Porcelain Stoneware Tiles, In: Castellón QualiCer, (2004) 247-259.

[9] R.T. Zauberas, A. Boschi, Studies on Formulations for Porcelain Stoneware Tiles, In: Castellón QualiCer, (2004) 213-216.

[10] C. Leonelli, F. Bondioli, P. Veronesi et al, Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Stoneware Tiles: A Microstructure Approach, J Eur Ceram Soc, 20 (2001) 785-793.

DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2219(00)00266-1

[11] A. Tucci, L. Esposito, L. Malmusi et al, New Body Mixes for Porcelain Stoneware Tiles with Improved Mechanical Characteristics, J Eur Ceram Soc, 27 (2007) 1875-1881.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.05.007

[12] I.M. Tereshchenko, G.N. Pun'ko and L.V. Serikova, Optimization of Ceramic Granite Compositions, Glass Ceram, 57 (2000) 435-437.

[13] J. Martín-Márquez, J. Ma. Rincón and M. Romero, Effect of Firing Temperature on Sintering of Porcelain Stoneware Tiles, Ceram Int, 34 (2008) 1867-1873.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2007.06.006

[14] J. Martín-Márquez, J. Ma. Rincón and Maximina Romero, Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Stoneware, J Eur Ceram Soc, 30 (2010) 3063-3069.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.07.015

[15] M. Romero, J.M. Perez, Relation Between the Microstructure and Technological Properties of Porcelain Stoneware. A review, Materiales de Construcción, 65 (2015) e065.

DOI: 10.3989/mc.2015.05915

[16] J. Trpčevská, J. Briančin, L. Medvecky et al, Microstructure and Porcelain Stoneware Properties, Key Engineering Materials, 223 (2002) 265-268.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.223.265

[17] L. Esposito, A. Tucci, Porcelain Stoneware Tile Surfaces, Am Ceram Soc Bull, 79 (2000) 59-63.

[18] M. Dondi, G. Ercolani, M. Marsigli et al, The Chemical Composition of Porcelain Stoneware Tiles and its Influence on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, Interceram, 48(2) (1999) 75-83.

[19] T. Manfredini, G. C. Pellacani, M. Romagnoli, Porcelainized Stoneware Tile, Am Ceram Soc Bull, 74(5) (1995) 76-79.

[20] J. Martín-Márquez, A.G. de la Torre, M. A. G. Aranda et al, Evolution with Temperature of Crystalline and Amorphous Phases in Porcelain Stoneware, J Am Ceram Soc, 92 (2009) 229-234.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02862.x

[21] Z. Chiara, M. Dondi, G. Guarini et al, Influence of Strengthening Components on Industrial Mixture of Porcelain Stoneware Tiles, Key Engineering Materials, 264-268 (2004) 1491-1494.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.264-268.1491

[22] A. Tucci, L. Esposito, L. Malmusi, New Body Mixes for Porcelain Stoneware Tiles with Improved Mechanical Characteristics, J Eur Ceram Soc, 27(2) (2007) 1875-1881.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.05.007

[23] E. Sanchez, M. J. Orts, J. G. Ten et al, Porcelain Tile Composition: Effect on Phase Formation and End Products, Am Ceram Soc Bull, 80 (2001) 43-49.

[24] B. Pinto, W. M. Carty, S. Misture, Measurement of Residual Strain in Quartz Particles in Porcelain; Presented at Science of Whitewares III, June, Alfred University, (2000) 12-14.

[25] H. Lee, W. M. Carty, Glass Phase Composition in Porcelains and Correlation with Firing Temperature, in: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American Ceramic Society, April 18-21 2004, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, (2004).

[26] D. J. Green, Introduction to Mechanical Properties of Ceramics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (1998).

[27] W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen, D. R. Uhlmann, Introduction to Ceramics, Wiley, NY, (1976).

[28] R. A. McMaster, Fundamentals of Tempered Glass, Ceram Eng Sci Proc, 10 (1989) 193-206.