The Synthesis and Characterization of Anodic Alumina Oxide Using Sulfuric Acid and Oxalic Acid

Abstract:

Anodic Alumina Oxide (AAO) is one of the nanomaterials that have developed as a template in the nanowires, nanodots and nanotubes. This research focuses on synthesizing AAO by two different electrolytic solutions which are using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄) by electrochemical anodization method. Two parameters were influencing the anodization process in the experiment; the type and the concentration of the electrolytic solution. The effects of the different type of electrolytic solutions produced different size of pores. When the voltage used is 25 V in H₂SO₄, the optimum reading size of the nanopores is in the range of 16-22 nm, whereas the AAO pores in C₂H₂O₄ are in the range of 100-200 nm. Meanwhile, the concentration of H₂SO₄ and C₂H₂O₄ is set to be 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M., The results in 0.3 M H₂SO₄ and C₂H₂O_4, show the optimum concentration of electrolytic solutions which is the key parameter affecting the morphological structure of porous membranes in AAO. The optimum value for these two acidic solutions has produced such highly ordered arrangement of nanopores which are from the average size of nanopores that anodized in sulfuric acid is 19 nm while 120 nm in oxalic acid. The morphological structure properties of AAO templates include the diameter of nanopores, the thickness of membrane and density of nanopores would be examined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Also, Fourier-transmittance infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) detected the chemical functional group of bonds in AAO. In conclusion, AAO templates have a big potential to be the major contributor in the future for the development of new electronic devices.

• Periodical: Nano Hybrids and Composites (Volume 31)
• Pages: 35-44
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/NHC.31.35
• Online since: February 2021
• Authors: Nur Afieqah Md. Ghazazi*, Syahida Suhaimi, Muhammad Zamir Othman
• Keywords: Anodic Alumina Oxide, Oxalic Acid, Size of Nanopores, Sulfuric Acid

References

[1] Kikuchi, T., Nakajima, D., Nishinaga, O., Natsui, S., & Suzuki, R. 2015. Porous Aluminum Oxide Formed by Anodizing in Various Electrolyte Species. Current Nanoscience, 11 (5), p.560–564.

DOI: 10.2174/1573413711999150608144742

[2] Wei, Q., Xiong, F., Tan, S., Huang, L., Lan, E.H., Dunn, B., & Mai, L. 2017. Porous One-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Design, Fabrication and Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage. Advanced Science News, 29 (20), pp.1-3.

DOI: 10.1002/adma.201770134

[3] Brzózka, A., Brudzisz, A., & Sulka, G.D. 2016, September. A Comparative Study of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Preparation for Synthesis of Nanomaterials. The Electrochemical Society, 54, p.4153.

DOI: 10.1149/ma2016-02/54/4153

[4] Suchitra, S.M., Ramana Reddy, P., & Udayashankar, N.K. 2016. Structural and wetting properties of porous anodic alumina templates prepared by different electrolytes. International Conference on Condensed Matter and Applied Physics. India: AIP Publishing, p.3.

DOI: 10.1063/1.4946458

[5] Stępniowski, W.J., & Salerno, M. 2014. Fabrication of nanowires and nanotubes by anodic alumina template-assisted electrodeposition. Manufacturing Nanostructures, p.321–357.

[6] Suhaimi, S. 2012. The Synthesis of Anodic Alumina Oxide Using H2SO4 Electrolytic Solution and Its Characterization. Degree Thesis, University Technology Malaysia.

[7] Stȩpniowski, W.J., Nowak-Stȩpniowska, A., Michalska-Domańska, M., Norek, M., Czujko, T., & Bojar, Z. 2014. Fabrication and geometric characterization of highly-ordered hexagonally arranged arrays of nanoporous anodic alumina. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 16 (1), p.64–66.

DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2014-0011

[8] Se-hun, R., Gum-chol, S., & Guk-nam, H. 2018. Study on the influence on the formation of highly ordered porous anodic aluminia membrane. Chemrxiv, (1), pp.1-6.

DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.5743170

[9] Poinern, G.E.J., Ali, N., & Fawcett, D. 2010. Progress in nano-engineered anodic aluminum oxide membrane development. Materials, 4 (3), p.491.

DOI: 10.3390/ma4030487

[10] Keshavarz, A., Parang, Z., & Nasseri, A. 2013. The effect of sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, and their combination on the size and regularity of the porous alumina by anodization. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 3 (1), pp.1-4.

DOI: 10.1186/2193-8865-3-34

[11] Oliveira. E.M., Finazzi, G.A. Carlos, I.A. 2006. Influence of Glycerol Mannitol and Sorbitol on Electrodepositionof Nickel form a Watts Bath and on the Nickel Film Morphology. Surf. Coat. Technol. 200. pp.5978-5985.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.09.013

[12] R. Abdel-Karim, S.M. El-Raghy. 2015. Fabrication of Nanoporous Alumina. Nanofabrication using Nanomaterials. pp.197-214.

[13] Nazeer, S., Allabakshu, S., & Student, P. G. 2015. Design and Analysis of Honey Comb Structures with Different Cases. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 3 (4), pp.144-145.

[14] Leszek Zaraska, Grzegorz D, Sulka, Marian Jaskula. 2011. Anodic alumina membranes with defined pore diameters and thicknessess obtained by adjusting the anodizing duration and pore opening/ widening time. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 11-12 (15). pp.2427-2436.

DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1471-z

[15] Nenad Stojilovic. 2012. Why Can't See Hydrogen in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy?. J. Chem. Edu, 89 (10), pp.1331-1332.

DOI: 10.1021/ed300057j

[16] Voon, C.H., & Derman, M.N. 2013. Effect of electrolyte concentration on the growth of porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) on Al-Mn alloys. Advanced Materials Research, p.610–614.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.610