Cytotoxicity of Pharma Grade ZnO with Higher Surficial Oxygen on L929 Mouse Cell

Abstract:

Apart from being a promising optoelectronic devices such as photodetector and sensors, ZnO has many dental and biomedical applications. ZnO has been known to possess strong toxicity towards bacteria, cancer and fungi. Cytotoxicity test of pharmaceutical grade of ZnO on L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines was carried out using trypan blue assay. ZnO was characterized for its morphology, structure and optical properties using FESEM, EDS, UV-Vis and XRD. ZnO exhibited various morphologies like rod, platelet, slab and irregular-shaped particles. EDS data showed the ZnO powder possessed relatively higher oxygen atomic percentage if compared to zinc atoms with an oxygen-to-zinc ratio of 1.219. The average crystallite size obtained was about 39 nm. The percentage of cell viability on L929 cell was decreased with increasing ZnO concentrations. The cells viability after 72h were achieved and the concentration of ZnO below 1 mM was summarized as non-toxic after treated with ZnO. The higher surficial oxygen on ZnO particle surface could have promoted higher generation of reactive oxygen species that caused lower L929 cell viability.

• Periodical: Solid State Phenomena (Volume 290)
• Pages: 286-291
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.290.286
• Online since: April 2019
• Authors: Nur Mariam Kamaruddin, Shahrom Mahmud*, Sufiniza Nordin, Abdulsalam Abuelsamen, Azman Seeni, Muhammad Fadhirul Izwan
• Keywords: Cytotoxicity, Fibroblast L929 Cell, Zinc Oxide

References

[1] N.L. Stock, J. Seller, K. Vinodgal, P.V. Kamat, Combinative sonolysis and photocatalysis for textile dye degradation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34 (2000) 1747–1750.

DOI: 10.1021/es991231c

[2] J. W. Rasmussen, E. Martinez, P. Louka, D.G. Wingett, Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles For Selective Destruction Of Tumor Cells And Potential For Drug Delivery Applications. Expert Opin. Drug Delivery, 7 (2010) 1063−1077.

DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.502560

[3] R. Brayner, R. Ferrari-Illiou, N. Briviois, S. Djediat, M.F. Benedetti, F. Fievet, Toxicological impact studies based on Escherichia coli bacteria in ultrafine ZnO nanoparticles colloidal medium, Nano Lett., 6 (2006) 866–870.

DOI: 10.1021/nl052326h

[4] L. Schmidt-Mende, J.L. MacManus-Driscoll, ZnO nanostructures, defects, and devices, Materials Today, vol. 10, no. 5, p.40–48, (2007).

DOI: 10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70078-0

[5] A. B, Djurišić, Y. H. Leung, A. M. C. Ng, X. Y. Xu, P. K. H. Lee, N. Degger, and R. S. S. Wu, Toxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Mechanisms, Characterization, and Avoiding Experimental Artefacts, Small, 11, 26–44, (2015).

DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303947

[6] H.F. Krug, and P. Wick, Nanotoxicology: An Interdisciplinary Challenge, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50, 1260–1278, (2011).

DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001037

[7] N. Singh, B. Manshian, G.J.S. Jenkins, et al., NanoGenotoxicology: the DNA damaging potential of engineered nanomaterials Biomaterials, 30 (2009) 3891-3914.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.04.009

[8] Y.G. Wang, S.P. Lau, H.W. Lee, S.F. Yu, B.K. Tay, X.H. Zhang, H.H. Hng, Photoluminescence study of ZnO films prepared by thermal oxidation of Zn metallic films in air, J. Appl. Phys., 94 (2003) 354-358.

DOI: 10.1063/1.1577819

[9] R.G. Singh, F. Singh, V. Kumar & R.M. Mehra, Growth kinetics of ZnO nanocrystallites: Structural, optical and photoluminescence properties tuned by thermal annealing, Current Applied Physics, 11, 624-630, (2011).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2010.10.013

[10] M.Birkholz, Thin films analysis of X-Ray Scattering, (WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, Weinheim, 2006).

[11] T. Lozano, M. Rey, E. Rojas, S.E. Moya, J. Fleddermann,  I. Estrela-Lopis, E. Donath, B. Wang, Z. Mao, C. Gao, A. González-Fernández, Cytotoxicity Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Tumor Cell Lines, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 304 (2011) 012046.

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/304/1/012046

[12] I. M. M. Paino, F. J. Gonçalves, F. L. Souza, and V. Zucolotto, Zinc Oxide Flower-Like Nanostructures That Exhibit Enhanced Toxicology Effects in Cancer Cells, ACS Appl. Mater.Interfaces, 2016, 8, 32699-32705.

DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11950

[13] R. Wahab, M.A. Siddiqui, Q.Saquib, S. Dwivedi, J.Ahmad, J. Musarrat. A.A. Al-Khedhairy, H.S. Shin, Zno Nanoparticles Induced Oxidative Stress And Apoptosis In Hepg2 And MCF-7 Cancer Cells And Their Antibacterial Activity, Colloids Surf. B, 2014, 117, 267−276.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.038

[14] A. Nel, T. Xia, L. Madler, N. Li, Toxic Potential Of Materials At The Nanolevel, Science 2006, 311, 622−627.

DOI: 10.1126/science.1114397

[15] A. Punnoose, K. Dodge, JW Rasmussen, J. Chess, D. Wingett, C. Anders, Cytotoxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles Can Be Tailored by Modifying Their Surface Structure: A Green Chemistry Approach for Safer Nanomaterials, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014;2(7):1666-1673.

DOI: 10.1021/sc500140x

[16] Y. N. Chang, M. Zhang, L. Xia, J. Zhang, G. Xing, The Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of CuO and ZnO Nanoparticles, Materials, 2012, 5, 2850-2871.

DOI: 10.3390/ma5122850