Paper Titles
Preface
Enhancing Cryogenic Strength of Austenitic Stainless Steels through Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Processing and Nitrogen Alloying
p.1
Revealing the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Quenched and Tempered 51CrV4 Steel Processed Via a Continuous Induction Line
p.7
Effect of EAF Impurities on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Steels
p.13
Impact of Non-Metallic Inclusions and Grain Structures Modified by Fast Heating Annealing on Tensile Properties of a V-Microalloyed High-Mn TWIP Steel
p.19
High-Throughput Computational Screening, Non-Metallic Inclusion Analysis, and Microstructural Characterization of a Novel Medium Manganese Steel
p.25
Special Steels for the Hydrogen Society
p.33
Investigating the Influence of Trace Tantalum on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Niobium Microalloyed Steels
p.41
Impact of Aluminum in Comparison to Silicon on Liquid Metal Embrittlement of 3rd Generation AHSS
p.47

Enhancing Cryogenic Strength of Austenitic Stainless Steels through Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Processing and Nitrogen Alloying

Article Preview

Abstract:

Austenitic stainless steels are strong candidates for cryogenic applications such as liquid hydrogen storage (20 K) and nuclear fusion technology (4 K) but suffer from low yield strength. In this study, austenitic stainless steels with varying nitrogen contents were evaluated. TMCP-processed and solution-annealed plates were manufactured using a pilot-scale rolling mill, and their microstructures were characterised. Tensile tests were performed from room temperature down to-180°C to assess the cryogenic yield strength of the plates. At all temperatures TMCP significantly increased the yield strength e.g. by a factor of 2 at room temperature, with the effect being mainly due to substantial dislocation hardening. The thermally activated component of yield strength depended mainly on nitrogen content via dislocation-nitrogen interactions, which was found to be much weaker in TMCP plates. Solution annealed plates therefore presented remarkable yield strength at cryogenic temperatures for the highest nitrogen level investigated.

You might also be interested in these eBooks
Steel and Pure Metals View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Solid State Phenomena (Volume 383)

Pages:

1-6

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7njE9z

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

January 2026

Authors:

Ali Smith*, Frank Hoffmann, Mahesh Chandra Somani, Ahmed Abdelghany, Marta Muratori

Keywords:

Austenitic Stainless Steel, Liquid Hydrogen Storage, Nitrogen Alloying, TMCP

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] NASA Standard NSS 1740.16, Safety Standard for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington DC, 1997.

Google Scholar

[2] T. Maki, Stainless Steel: Progress in Thermomechanical Treatment, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2 (1997) 290-295.

Google Scholar

[3] K. Lo, C.H. Shek, J.K.L. Lai, Recent Developments in Stainless Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. R 65 (2009) 39-104.

Google Scholar

[4] S. Yamamoto, H. Yokoyama, T. Abe, and Y. Kobayashi, Strengthening of Austenitic Stainless Steels by Thermo-Mechanical Control Process, Tetsu-to-Hagane 79 (1993) 524-530.

DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.79.4_524

Google Scholar

[5] P. Guiraldenq, O.H. Duparc, The Genesis of the Schaeffler Diagram in the History of Stainless Steel, Metall. Res. Technol. 114 613 (2017).

DOI: 10.1051/metal/2017059

Google Scholar

[6] R.L. Tobler, R.P. Reed, D.S. Burkhalter, Temperature Dependence of Yielding in Austenitic Stainless Steels, in A.F. Clark, R.P. Reed (Eds.), Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, Plenum Press, New York, 1980, pp.107-119.

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_11

Google Scholar

[7] M.L.G. Byrnes, M. Grujicic, W.S. Owen, Nitrogen Strengthening of a Stable Austenitic Stainless Steel, Acta. Metall. 35 (1987) 1853-1862.

DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(87)90131-3

Google Scholar

[8] J. Rawers, M. Grujicic, Effects of Metal Composition and Temperature on the Yield Strength of Nitrogen Strengthened Stainless Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 207 (1996) 188-194.

DOI: 10.1016/0921-5093(95)10031-8

Google Scholar

[9] V.G. Gavriljuk, H. Berns, C. Escher, N.I. Glavatskaya, A. Sozinov, Yu.N. Petrov, Grain Boundary Strengthening in Austenitic Nitrogen Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 271 (1999) 14-21.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-5093(99)00272-5

Google Scholar

[10] Y. Oka, A. Morimatsu, T. Masumura, T. Ohmura, T. Tsuchiyama, Dependence of Carbon and Nitrogen Content on Grain Refinement Strengthening in Austenitic Stainless Steel", Tetsu-to-Hagané 110 (2024) 302-310.

DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2023-072

Google Scholar